Silver is a poisonous but precious heavy metal that has widespread application in various biomedical and environmental divisions. Wide-ranging usage of the metal has twisted severe environmental apprehensions. Henceforth there is a cumulative call for the progress of modest, low-cost and, the ecological method for remediation of silver. In the present study, Bacillus cereus was isolated from contaminated soil. Various experimental factors like the amount of AgNO3, inoculum size, temperature, time, and pH were improved by using central composite design (CCD) grounded on response surface methodology (RSM). Optimized values for AgNO3 (1 mM) 10 ml, inoculum size (Bacillus cereus) 8.7 ml, temperature 48.5 °C, time 69 h, and pH 9 showed in the form of optimized ramps. The formed nanoparticles stayed characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometer, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry, particle size analyzer, and X-ray diffraction. The particle size ranges from 5 to 7.06 nm with spherical form. The antimicrobial effectiveness of synthesized nanoparticles was tested contrary to five multidrug resistant microbial strains, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Porteus mirabilis by disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum lethal concentrations were detected by the broth macro dilution method. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) was used to check the free radical scavenging ability of biogenic silver nanoparticles. Similarly, anti-radical activity was checked by 2,2′-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid (ABTS) with varying time intervals. Catalytic potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was also investigated.
Drying methods, extraction techniques, solvents as well as extraction conditions affect the recovery of antioxidant components from botanical materials. In the current study, antioxidant compounds from leaf samples of A. annua were extracted using methanol as extraction solvent and orbital shaker assisted extraction technique and extraction technique was optimized using response surface methodology. Extraction conditions including rotation speed and extraction time were taken as independent variables and extraction was carried out for different time duration and at different rotation speed. A significant mutual effect of selected extraction conditions was recorded on the antioxidant potential of A. annua leaves and optimized conditions were determined employing response surface methodology. Statistical data revealed linear quadratic and interactive effect of extraction conditions on TPC, TFC and DDPH radical scavenging potential was significant because p-value is less than 0.05. For the same antioxidant components, measured and predicted values were found to be close in agreement, indicating that the tested model is fit for the recovery of antioxidant components from A. annua leaves. Optimization of extraction conditions using response surface methodology may be helpful in making the extraction technique cost-effective and environment friendly.
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