A field experiment was carried out to study the influence of sowing times on yield and yield components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

In vitro evaluations of salinity (NaCI) effects on three potato cultivars (Atlanta, Shepody and Shilbilaty ) were investigated with five NaCI levels ( 0, 25, 50, 75 and100 mM) by using single node explants. Significant differences were noticed among the cultivars followed by different NaCl levels. Salinity stress gradually depressed plant growth and root development with increased NaCl concentration in MS media. All the cultivars survived at high NaCl (100 mM) containing MS media with exhibiting different growth status. The results indicate that Shilbilaty performed better in shoot length and shoot fresh mass than Shepody and Atlanta. The Atlanta performed better in root growth than Shepody and Shilbilaty at different NaCl media. Highest salinity level drastically inhibits root growth in all the cultivars tested. The control and 25 mM NaCl containing MS media did not affect the growth traits of in vitro potato plantlets. The control was found superior in growth characterized than rest of the tested NaCl levels.

Abstract:Effect of three different sowing dates on growth of four varieties of wheat was analyzed using functional techniques. Crop growth rate (CGR), relative leaf growth rate (RLGR) and specific leaf area (SLA) were higher in the early sown plants compared to late sown plants. Net assimilation rate (NAR) in all the varieties increased slowly at the early stages of growth while it increased sharply at the later stages with fluctuations in most cases. The declining tendency was found in SLA at the middle stage of growth except variety C 306. Higher values of CGR were found in the early sown Protiva, leaf weight ratio (LWR) in the late sown C 306 and early sown Opata, RLGR in the early sown Opata and C 306, SLA in the late sown Opata and Protiva and NAR in all the four varieties when they were sown late.Key words: Wheat, sowing date, growth, functional technique mvivsk: gvV ch© v ‡q M ‡gi e" w×i Dci wewfboe mg ‡q ec ‡bi cÖ fve Rvbvi Rb¨ PviwU M ‡gi RvZ wZbwU wfboe wfboe mg ‡q ecb K ‡i Zv ‡`i dvskbvj e" w× we ‡k− lY Kiv n ‡qwQj| AvMvg ec ‡bi Kvi ‡B dmj e" w× nvi, Av ‡cw ¶K cÎ e" w× nvi I my wbw`© ó cÎ † ¶Îdj wejw¤Ẑ ec ‡bi PvB ‡Z †ekx n ‡qwQj| me f¨vivBwU ‡ZB †bU AvËxKiY nvi e" w×i cÖ _g w` ‡K ax ‡i ax ‡i †e ‡owQj wKš-Awš-g ch© v ‡q nVvr K ‡iB A ‡bK †ekx †e ‡o wM ‡qwQj| f¨vivBwU wm-306 Qvov Avi me f¨vivBwU ‡ZB e" w×i gvSvgvwS ch© v ‡q my wbw`© ó cÎ † ¶Îdj Kg n ‡Z †`Lv wM ‡qwQj| D"PZi dmj e" w× nvi †`Lv wM ‡qwQj AvMvg ecbK… Z f¨vivBwU cÖ wZfv †Z, D"PZi cÎ IRb Aby cvZ †`Lv wM ‡qwQj wej ‡¤^ ecbK… Z wm-306 I AwMÖ g ecbK… Z IcvUv ‡Z, D"PZi Av ‡cw ¶K cÎ e" w×i nvi †`Lv wM ‡qwQj AvMvg ecbK… Z IcvUv I wm-306 G, D"PZi my wbw`© ó cÎ † ¶Îdj †`Lv wM ‡qwQj wej ‡¤^ ecbK… Z IcvUv I cÖ wZfv ‡Z Ges D"P †bU AvËxKib nvi wej ‡¤^ ecbK… Z me f¨vivBwU ‡ZB j ¶¨ Kiv wM ‡qwQj|

An experiment was carried out to study the variability of leaf anatomical characters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and their association with grain yields. Results indicated that in most of the cases cultivar differences were significant. In respect of 6th leaf anatomical characters, simple correlation coefficients indicated that most of the leaf anatomical traits had significant negative relation with grain yield whereas in respect of flag leaf anatomical traits, only the association between radial dimension of big xylem vessel and grain yield was significantly negative and the correlation between number of veins and grain yield was significantly positive. Key words: Leaf anatomy, wheat, yield, correlation   doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2156   J. bio-sci. 15: 153-158, 2007

Agricultural mechanization and it is impact on agricultural productivity was studied by many authors in different areas in the world. Irrigated agriculture in the Sudan, have played a significant role in expanding agricultural mechanization, and the major mechanized operation is the land preparation, operations such as planting, spraying, fertilizer application, mechanical weeding and harvesting are still largely carried out manually. A baseline survey on mechanization status was implemented in River Nile State, focuses on mechanization status for production of wheat as strategic crop, legumes as food crops, onion and alfalfa as cash crops in smallholder farms. The analysis of respondents answers show that tillage operation has the high percent (90.5-93.3%) of mechanical power among other operations for production of the selected crops, where wheat has considerable percent of using mechanical power in sowing and harvesting operations compare to the three rest crops. For legumes and alfalfa broadcasting of seeds for sowing and cutting and binding at harvest operations, still manual activity prevailing, where for onion transplanting are 100% carried out manually.The mechanization level range between 0.2-0.58, which reflect the less number of tractors to the cultivated areas in the state. Concerning the mechanization index as the ratio of mechanical power to the total power input in term of MJ/ha for each crop range from 0.03- 0.07, shows that manual and animal power still exerted to produce such crops.