Inequalities exist in the provision of paediatric RRT throughout Europe, most of which are explained by differences in country macroeconomics, which limit the provision of treatment particularly in the youngest patients. This poses a challenge for healthcare policy makers in their aim to ensure universal and equal access to high-quality healthcare services across Europe.

The aim: To obtain the prevalence of postpartum endometritis women and antimicrobial resistance of responsible pathogens in Ukraine. Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study. The study population consisted of all women who had a vaginal delivery or cesarean section in 14 Regional Women’s Hospitals of Ukraine. Results: Total 2460 of 25,344 patients were found to have postpartum endometritis, for an overall infection rate of 9.7%. The postpartum endometritis rates were 7.6% after vaginal delivery and 16.4% after cesarean section. Incidence of postpartum endometritis after cesarean section is affected mainly by the mode of delivery (scheduled caesarean deliveries (done before labor starts) – 13.8% and unscheduled caesarean deliveries (done after labor starts) – 22.5%. The predominant pathogens were: Escherichia coli (32.7%), Enterococcus faecalis (13.0%), Streptococcus spp. (12.1%), Klebsiella spp. (10.4%) and Enterobacter spp. (10%). Among the antimicrobial agents tested, the ertapenem, piperacillin/ tazobactam, and cefotaxim were the most consistently active in vitro against Enterobacteriaceae in both vaginal deliveries and after cesarean section infections. The overall proportion of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production among Enterobacteriaceae was 22.8% and of methicillin-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 15.4%. Conclusions: Postpartum endometritis and antimicrobial resistance of responsible pathogens presents a significant burden to the hospital system. Postpartum infections surveillance is required in all women’s hospitals. This knowledge is essential to develop targeted strategies to reduce the incidence of postpartum infections.

The aim: To obtain the first estimates data on the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in a wide range of fresh vegetables available in the Kyiv city markets. Materials and methods: We performed a multicenter study. Fresh vegetables samples were collected of the six different commodity groups from eleven of retail stores locatedin Kyiv, Ukraine. Samples were tested for up to eight bacteria of concern. The susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Results: The antibiotic-resistant bacteria contamination in the fresh vegetables was 24.3%. The contamination among organic produce was significantly higher than in conventionally products. Contamination was found to be higher in leafy vegetables. The predominant contaminated bacteria were: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp. And Enterococcus faecalis, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. faecium, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter spp. The overall proportion of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production among Enterobacteriaceae was 36.8% and of methicillin-resistance in S. aureus (MRSA) 10.7%. The prevalence of ESBL production among E. coli isolates was significantly higher than in K. pneumoniae. Vancomycin resistance was observed in 3.1% of isolated enterococci (VRE). Carbapenem resistance was identified in 35.3% of P.aeruginosa isolates and 66.8% of Acinetibacter spp. isolates. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was observed in 9.7% K. pneumoniae and E.coli in 14.2% isolates. Conclusions: Research has shown that the majority of fresh vegetables available in Kiev markets is contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and is a potential vehicle for the transmission of these pathogens to consumers.

Diabetic patients are in the spotlight from the early stages of a pandemic, as growing epidemiological data show they are at higher risk for severe clinical outcomes from COVID-19. As the global COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, it is also becoming increasingly apparent that the interactions between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus (DM) are complex pathophysiological mechanisms. The outcome of COVID-19 is more severe in people with DM, which has the potential to accelerate the onset of acute metabolic complications of DM such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemia. These mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear, but they likely include the angiotensin converting enzyme receptor 2, a binding site for SARS-CoV-2, which is expressed in key metabolic organs such as in the pancreas, in particular in β-cells. The potential β-cell tropism of SARS-CoV-2 can damage cells and impair insulin secretion, causing hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. Understanding the bidirectional interaction between DM and COVID-19 will be critical to protecting and treating people with DM. Current epidemiological data on COVID-19 do not support the hypothesis that diabetic patients are at increased risk of infection compared to the general population. To date, it has been established that decompensated DM is an independent factor that aggravates the course of coronavirus infection and significantly increases the risk of a fatal outcome of the disease. The review provides a brief summary of the evolution of pathogenetic and clinical aspects for understanding the mechanisms of this pathological tandem, as well as therapeutic strategies for treating patients with COVID-19 and DM. As the incidence of DM continues to rise globally, more than ever, diabetes prevention and control must be a priority for health systems around the world.

This article presents the results of the analysis of the etiological structure of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Kyiv children from 2006 to 2015. In the structure of CKD, CAKUTsyndrome dominates-from 62.3 % (2013) to 80.8 % (2008), an average of 10 years-71.3 ± 2.0 %. The leadership of CAKUT-syndrome in the structure of CKD in childhood determines the vector of the development of modern pediatric nephrology. An interdisciplinary approach to the management of children with CAKUTsyndrome, involving urologist and nephrologist, should be the basis for prevention of CKD progression.