Visceral leishmaniasis, associated with HIV/AIDS coinfection, is becoming a more
aggressive disease, complicating an accurate prognosis. A 21-year-old HIV-positive
female presenting with clinical features of visceral leishmaniasis was enrolled in
this study. Bone marrow cytology, Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle culture and kDNA PCR of
peripheral blood were all positive. Typing methods, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis
and ITS1-RFLP PCR of peripheral blood confirmed infection by Leishmania (L.)
infantum chagasi . PCR has proved to be safer and more affordable than
other characterization methods; ITS1-RFLP PCR can diagnose and type
Leishmania spp. in both endemic and non-endemic areas, favoring
the prognosis and allowing the appropriate treatment of patients.
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