Key Points Question In first-episode infective endocarditis in persons who inject drugs, what are the clinical differences between patients who receive surgery vs those who are medically treated, and which factors are associated with mortality? Findings In this case series of 370 first-episode cases of infective endocarditis, the main significant differences between persons who inject drugs who received surgery and those who did not were the site of infection and cardiac complications. Decreased mortality was associated with surgery and referral to addiction treatment services, while higher mortality was associated with left-sided and bilateral infections. Meaning In selected persons who inject drugs with first-episode endocarditis, surgical management and referral to addiction treatment were associated with reduced mortality.

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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.08.86.].