Colposcopy performed well in the overall detection of cervical neoplasias, though its capability for accurate categorisation of degree of abnormality was poor.
Incisional hernias are not rare but obstetric complications due to an incisional hernia are rare. Literature suggests that the incisional hernia following a caesarian section may behave differently from an incisional hernia arising after a surgery in the non-pregnant state. The failure of hernia repair is more frequent in the former. The risk factors and the contributing factors to optimal management of these cases are discussed.
Objective: To study the differences in sexual dysfunction (SD) and time
to pregnancy (TTP) between infertile couples pursuing timed intercourse
(TI- around the time of ovulation) and regular intercourse (RI- at least
twice a week). Design: Prospective cohort study Setting: Infertility
clinics of Kolkata over three years Population or Sample: Infertile
couples pursuing TI (n=283) or RI (n=88), having no preexisting sexual
or psychiatric illness, and no medical contraindications to frequent
intercourse. Methods: At the first visit, SD of both the partners was
assessed using the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) and the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition
(DSM-V). The couples for whom natural conception was possible were
followed up to determine TTP using Kaplan Meier Analysis. Main Outcome
Measure: Differences in SD and differences in TTP. Results: TI
significantly increased the risk of SD than RI for both males (Odds
ratio [OR] 15.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.96-29.15) and
females (OR 5.52, 95% CI 2.38- 12.78). This difference persisted even
after adjusting for age, medical disorders, obesity, smoking, cause of
infertility, and previous assisted reproductive techniques. TI carried a
higher risk of developing ED, premature ejaculation, male hypoactive
sexual dysfunction, female sexual interest-arousal disorder, and female
orgasmic disorder. IIEF-5 score was significantly better in the RI group
than in the TI. The TTP for natural conception was similar between them
(Log-rank p= 0.1365). Conclusions: TI increased the risk of sexual
dysfunction without accelerating the time to achieve pregnancy, compared
with RI.
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