Background and aims Pulmonary edema is one of the most common acute respiratory disorders that diagnosis and treatment of the disease still remain as a health problem. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of intravenous furosemide and nebulized furosemide in control of the symptoms of the patients with pulmonary edem. Methods In this clinical trial, 80 patients were enrolled with pulmonary edema. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the intervention group the patients received nebulized furosemide at a dose of 1 mg furosemide for 20 minutes in 2 mL of sodium chloride 0.9% and in the control group the patients received intravenous furosemide at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Then, hemodynamic parameters and estimation of the clinical severity of the pulmonary edema in both groups was performed for 2 hours. Results According to our results, we can say that nebulized furosemide is not superior to intravenous furosemide in reducing dyspnea and crackles in patients with acute pulmonary edema, but significantly improved respiratory rate and arterial blood oxygen and has less hemodynamic changes than the intravenous furosemide. Conclusions The results of this study showed the beneficial effects of nebulized furosemide in the treatment of pulmonary edema, which can be prescribed as a treatment in addition to standard treatment and significantly lead in better control of pulmonary edema in the short term.
The purpose of this article is to investigate the Cuban Missile Crisis with new approaches. For this purpose, we analyse this crisis in two static and dynamic approaches. In the static approach, we look at the crisis through the perspective of credible threats. In the dynamic approach, the crisis is modelled using several game theoretic models. The models allow us to analyse the interplay of the capabilities and the feasibility objectives of each player after a conflict with the other player’s objectives and capabilities. The dynamic system of games has significant implications as an important insight for modelling strategic interactions in which players pursue goals for increasing their personal interests. Our findings give insight into how the two countries reached a compromise in the Cuban Missile Crisis.
The aim of this research is to study the relationship between employees level of maturity, knowledge management and organizational intelligence in telecommunications department of KERMAN. Method of this reseach is descriptive-correlational. Research population consists of 1200 employees of telecommunications department of KERMAN and 291 of them have beeen selected by random as statistical sample of the research. Three standardized questionnairs have been used for data gathering which are as follow: Hashemi questionnar of organizational maturity [1] that consists of 26 questions, Albrecht questionnair of organizational intelligence that consists of 40 questions, and Hasani & Mosavi questionnair of knowledge management(2012) that consists of 26 questions. For data analysis spss20, descriptive and inferrential statistics such as; variance, average, correlation coefficients of Pearson and Spearman have been used. Results show that there is a significant relationship between level of employees maturity and its main components such as; having no dependency, activeness, having multiple behaviors, equality and superiority,having wide-range view, employees interests, self-awareness, and knowledge management. Results also show that there is relationship between level of employees maturity and its main components such as; having no dependency, activeness, having multiple behaviors, equality and superiority, having wide-range view, employees interests, self-awareness, and knowledge management. It also show that there is relationship between organizational intelligence with knowledge management and its main components such as; socialization, externalization,combination and internalization.
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