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Drug metabolism studies are essential and necessary during the evaluation of drugs. This review discusses the in vitro human liver models to estimate the drug metabolic fates in vivo. Different approaches are provided and emphasis is placed on the potential of human liver microsomes for drug metabolism and inhibition studies. The methodology for these studies using human liver microsomes, applications of human liver microsomes, and the drugs studied by human liver microsomes are listed. Human liver microsomes represent a critical experimental model for the evaluation of drug metabolites with a high probability of clinical success.

TheBombyx morisilk fibroin (SF) films were prepared by solution casting method and effects of electron beam on the optical properties and optical constants of the films have been studied by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Optical properties like optical band gapEg, refractive indexn, extinction coefficientk, optical conductivityσopt, and dielectric constantsε∗of virgin and electron irradiated films were determined by using UV-Visible absorption and transmission spectra. It was found that the reduction in optical band gap and increase in refractive index with increasing radiation dosage was observed. It is also observed from results that there is increase in dielectric constants with increasing photon energy. The observed optical changes have been tried to be correlated with the structural changes, revealed through FT-IR spectroscopy. The present study is quite important for tailoring the optical responses of SF films as per specific requirements.

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The silver nanoparticles were synthesized (AgNPs) under incandescent light at room temperature using aqueous silk fibroin obtained from Bombyx mori silk used as green stabilizer. The formation of colloidal AgNPs were determined and confirmed by different characterization techniques i.e. UVvisible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering and EDAX. The UV-visible spectroscopy showing a characteristic surface plasmon resonance band at 432 nm. The FTIR spectra confirms the presence of functional groups, the TEM images confirmed that the synthesized nanoparticles were spherical in shape with smooth surfaces. The particle diameter was around 35-40 nm. Further, the x-ray diffraction analysis confirms the nanocrystalline phase of silver with face centered cubic crystal structure. The synthesized colloidal silver nanoparticles exhibits potential antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria i.e. Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli.