Marked effects of genotype on wheat anther culture response have been observed. Genetic factors have been recognised to be one of the major contributors to in vitro responses of cultured wheat tissues. In wheat anther culture, embryo induction, plant regeneration and albina/green ratio have been determined to be heritable traits. Using Chinese Spring (CS) monosomic 1D, single chromosome substitution lines of chromosome 5B or chromosome arm 5BL from Chinese Spring into six varieties, and F1 hybrids heterozygous for the 1B chromosome structure (1BL-1BS/1BL-1RS), the anther culture response was studied: genes on CS1D chromosome and 5BL chromosome arm increases the embryo frequency; gene(s) involved in regeneration ability are located on the 1RS chromosome arm; a gene increasing albina frequency is located on Chinese Spring 5B chromosome. Our results support the fact that without gametic selection, a differential development occurred from the particular classes of microspores carrying genes for higher regeneration ability. Moreover, in some crosses, a few genes with major effects were involved in determination of anther culture response.

A population of thirty-eight doubled haploid lines, developed from the F, between Vfro wheat parents differing m anther culture and somatic tissue culture responses, was used to examine the genetical control of re'sponses to these m vitro systems.During anther culture genetic variation between hnes ' was exhibited for frequencies of callus induction, embryo production and embryo regeneration rates. In addition the relative frequencies of green and albino plants ' was shown to be genotype dependent. Hoivever, there ' (vas no correlation between the frequencies of embr)ro production and i:he regeneration rate of those embryos suggesting an independent genetic control of these two components. Transgressive segregation for performance was obsen'ed for all components indicating that at least two genes are involved in the response of each, and lines for improved performance, combining high embrv'O production rates and good regeneration capacity were identified.No genetic variation for frequencies of callus induction from immature embryos was observed in this cross. However, genetic variation for the regeneration frequencies of plants was observed. Lines with an improved tissue culture response over the two parents were identified.There 'n'as no correlation between the performance of lines in anther culture and somatic tissue culture, indicating separate genetical control, and lines with alternative levels of response to the two systems were identified.