ABSTRAK<br />Penelitian ini merupakan pengujian terhadap genotip-genotip hasil<br />persilangan tanaman wijen, dengan tujuan mendapatkan informasi<br />mengenai variasi genetik, heritabilitas, dan korelasi genotipik beberapa sifat<br />penting hasil persilangan tanaman wijen. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun<br />Percobaan Pasirian, Lumajang, Jawa Timur pada bulan April 2002 –<br />Agustus 2003. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelom-<br />pok dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) sebagian<br />besar sifat yang diamati mempunyai variasi genetik yang cukup besar, (2)<br />nilai heritabilitas (dalam arti luas) tinggi terdapat pada sifat tinggi tanaman,<br />umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah cabang per tanaman, jumlah polong<br />per tanaman, panjang polong, berat 1000 biji, dan hasil biji per hektar,<br />sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi pada generasi awal, dan<br />(3) korelasi genotipik terhadap hasil biji per hektar terjadi pada sifat tinggi<br />tanaman dan berat 1000 biji pada persilangan Sbr 1 X Si 13, sedangkan<br />pada persilangan Sbr 1 X Si 22, dan Sbr 1 X Si 26 terjadi korelasi genotipik<br />antara hasil biji per hektar dengan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang per<br />tanaman.<br />Kata kunci : Wijen, Sesamum indicum L., persilangan, genotip, variasi<br />genetik, heritabilitas, korelasi genotipik, pertumbuhan, hasil,<br />Jawa Timur<br />ABSTRACT<br />Genetic variations, heritability and genotypic correlations<br />of important characteristics of sesame (Sesamum indicum<br />L.)<br />The experiment was conducted to evaluate genetic variations,<br />heritability, and genotypic correlations of important characteristics of<br />sesame. The experiment was located at Pasirian Research Station,<br />Lumajang, East Java from April 2002 – August 2003. Randomized block<br />design with three replications was used in the experiment. The result of the<br />experiment showed that: (1) generally, the genetic variations for all traits<br />were high enough, (2) the heritability values (in broad sense) on plant<br />height, flowering time, harvest time, number of branches per plant, number<br />of pods per plant, length of pods, 1000-seed weight, and grain yield per<br />hectare were high, indicating that the inheritance of these traits were simple<br />inheritance and selection can be performed in early generation, and (3) in<br />Sbr 1 X Si 13 crosses, plant height and 1000-seeed weight had genotypic<br />correlation with grain yield per hectare, then plant height and number of<br />branches per plant had genotypic correlation with grain yield per hectare in<br />Sbr 1 X Si 22, and Sbr 1 X Si 26 crosses.<br />Key words : Sesame, Sesamum indicum L., crossing, genotype, genetic<br />variations, heritability, genotypic correlation, growth, yield,<br />East Jav
ABSTRAK<br />Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan potensi hasil dan<br />memperpendek umur panen kapas genjah melalui kombinasi hibrida (F 1 )<br />dibandingkan dengan rata-rata kedua tetuanya. Penelitian dilakukan di<br />Kebun Percobaan Asembagus Kabupaten Situbondo mulai bulan Maret<br />sampai Juli 2003. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok<br />dengan tiga ulangan yang terdiri dari 16 genotipe (4 tetua, 6 turunan<br />pertama, 6 turunan pertama kebalikan). Keempat genotipe tetua adalah KI<br />40, KI 74, KI 87 dan KI 121. 6 genotipe turunan pertama adalah KI 40 x<br />KI 74, KI 40 x KI 87, KI 40 x KI 121, KI 74 x KI 87, KI 74 x KI 121 dan<br />KI 87 x KI 121, sedangkan 6 genotipe turunan pertama kebalikannya<br />adalah KI 74 x KI 40, KI 87 x KI 40, KI 87 x KI 74, KI 121 x KI 40, KI<br />121 x KI 74 dan KI 121 x KI 87. Sifat-sifat yang diamati meliputi tinggi<br />tanaman, umur pertama bunga mekar, jumlah cabang generatif, jumlah<br />buah terpanen, umur panen pertama, umur panen terakhir dan hasil kapas<br />berbiji. Data hasil penelitian ini dianalisis dengan analisis ragam pada<br />rancangan acak kelompok yang menghasilkan nilai Harapan Kuadrat<br />Tengah untuk asumsi Metode I dan Model I menurut GRIFFING (1956),<br />sedangkan untuk mengetahui tinggi dan rendahnya daya gabung umum,<br />khusus, dan pengaruh kebalikan dari efek tersebut menggunakan Model I<br />(SINGH dan CHAUDHARY, 1979). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa<br />tetua KI 40 merupakan penggabung yang baik karena memiliki daya<br />gabung umum yang tinggi untuk parameter hasil kapas berbiji dan daya<br />gabung umum yang rendah untuk parameter umur panen terakhir.<br />Kombinasi persilangan genotipe KI 40 x KI 87 maupun genotipe KI 87 x<br />KI 40 memiliki daya gabung khusus tinggi untuk parameter hasil kapas<br />berbiji dan daya gabung khusus yang rendah pada parameter umur panen<br />terakhir. Ini menunjukkan bahwa KI 40 dapat digunakan sebagai tetua<br />betina untuk memperbaiki produksi kapas berbiji dan persilangan antara KI<br />40 x KI 87 adalah kombinasi terbaik untuk tujuan tersebut.<br />Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, persilangan, hibrida, produksi,<br />umur panen, Jawa Timur<br />ABSTRACT<br />Improvement of cotton plant through diallel crossing<br />The objective of this research is to find out the yield potency and to<br />shorten the harvest age of early maturity cotton through hybrid<br />combinations compared with both parents. This research was conducted at<br />Asembagus Research Station, Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Research<br />Institute Crops (IToFRIC), from March to July 2003. The research used a<br />randomized block design with three replications consisting of sixteen<br />genotypes (four parents, six F 1 generations, and six reciprocal generations).<br />The four parent genotypes were KI 40, KI 74, KI 87, and KI 121. The six<br />F 1 generation genotypes were KI 40 x KI 74, KI 40 x KI 87, KI 40 x KI<br />121, KI 74 x KI 87, KI 74 x KI 121 and KI 87 x KI 121, while the six F 1<br />reciprocal generations were KI 74 x KI 40, KI 87 x KI 40, KI 87 x KI 74,<br />KI 121 x KI 40, KI 121 x KI 74 and KI 121 x KI 87. The characters<br />observed were plant height, the first bloom of flowering date, number of<br />branch, the harvested number of fruit, the first harvesting date, the last<br />harvesting date and cotton yield. The analysis used method I and model I<br />of GRIFFING (1956), while to evaluate general combining ability effect,<br />specific combining ability effect, and reciprocal effect used model I of<br />SINGH and CHAUDHARY (1979). The research result indicated that<br />parent genotype KI 40 had high general combining values for cotton yield<br />parameter, and had low general combining values for last harvest age.<br />Combinations of genotype crossing KI 40 X KI 87 and genotype of KI 87<br />X KI 40 had high specific combining values for cotton yield, had low<br />specific combining ability values for last harvest age. This indicated that<br />KI 40 can be used as parent to improve seed cotton yield, and the cross<br />between KI 40 x KI 87 was the best combination for this purpose.<br />Key words : Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, crossing, hybrid, production,<br />harvest age, East Java
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