Mini It is unclear whether the ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator can predict 30-day complications after lumbar and cervical spinal fusions. This study shows that the Risk Calculator is only of marginal benefit in predicting outcomes in cervical fusion and unlikely to be of benefit in lumbar fusions. Study Design. Retrospective cohort study. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) Risk Calculator's ability to predict 30-day complications after spine surgery. Summary of Background Data. Surgical risk calculators may identify patients at increased risk for complications, improve outcomes, enhance the informed consent process, and help modify risk factors. The ACS NSQIP Risk Calculator was developed from a cohort of >1.4 million patients, using 2805 unique CPT codes. It uses 21 patient predictors and the planned procedure to predict the risk of 12 different outcomes within 30 days following surgery. Methods. A retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent primary lumbar and cervical fusions with at least 30-day postoperative follow-up between 2009 and 2015 at a single-institution. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the overall sample, anterior versus posterior fusion (cervical only), and single versus multilevel fusion. Logistic regression models were fit with actual complication occurrence as the dependent variable in each model and ACS estimated risk as the independent variable. The c-statistic was used as the measure of concordance for each model. Receiver-operating charateristic curves depicted the predictive ability of the estimated risks. Acceptable concordance was set at c >0.80. Results. A total of 237 lumbar and 404 cervical patients were included in the study. The Risk Calculator risk estimates significantly predicted (P < 0.001) “any complication” and “discharge to skilled nursing facility” among the cervical cohort and demonstrated no significant outcome prediction the lumbar cohort. Conclusion. The ACS Risk-Calculator accurately predicted complications in the categories of “any complication” and “discharge to skilled nursing facility” for our cervical cohort and failed to demonstrate benefit for our lumbar cohort. Although the ACS Risk-Calculator may be useful in general surgery, our findings demonstrate that it does not necessarily provide accurate information for patients undergoing spinal surgery. Level of Evidence: 3
Study Design. A retrospective database study.Objective. The purpose of our study was to compare the perioperative complications and reoperation rates after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), cervical disk arthroplasty (CDA), and posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) in patients treated for cervical radiculopathy. Summary of Background Data. Cervical radiculopathy results from compression or irritation of nerve roots in the cervical spine. While most cervical radiculopathy is treated nonoperatively, ACDF, CDA, and PCF are the techniques most commonly used if operative intervention is indicated. There is limited research evaluating the perioperative complications of these surgical techniques. Materials and Methods. A retrospective review was performed using the PearlDiver Patient Record Database to identify cases of cervical radiculopathy that underwent ACDF, CDA, or PCF at one or two levels from 2007 to 2016. Perioperative complications and reoperations following each of the procedures were assessed. Results. During the study period, 25,051 patients underwent ACDF, 522 underwent CDA, and 3986 underwent PCF. After propensity score matching, each of the three groups consisted of 507 patients. Surgical site infection rates were highest after PCF (2.17%) compared with ACDF (0.20%) and CDA (0.59%) at 30 days and three months (P = 0.003, P < 0.001), respectively. New-onset cervicalgia was highest following ACDF (34.32%) and lowest after PCF (22.88%) at three and six months (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003), respectively. Revision surgeries were highest among those who underwent CDA (6.90%) versus ACDF (3.16%) and PCF (3.55%) at six months (P = 0.007). Limb paralysis was significantly higher after PCF compared with CDA and ACDF at six months (P < 0.017). Conclusions. The rate of surgical site infection was higher in PCF compared with ACDF and CDA. New-onset cervicalgia was higher after ACDF compared with PCF and CDA at short-term follow-up. Revision surgeries were highest among those undergoing CDA and lowest in those undergoing ACDF.
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