To determine the prevalence and clinical features of olfactory and taste disorders among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in China. A cross-sectional study was performed in Wuhan from April 3, 2020 to April 15, 2020. A total of 187 patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) completed face-to-face interviews or telephone follow-ups. We found that the prevalence of olfactory and taste disorders was significantly lower in the Chinese cohort than in foreign COVID-19 cohorts. Females were more prone to olfactory and taste disorders. In some patients, olfactory and taste disorders precede other symptoms and can be used as early screening and warning signs.
Background Considering the high incidence of medical privacy disclosure, it is of vital importance to study doctors’ privacy protection behavior and its influencing factors. Objective We aim to develop a scale for doctors’ protection of patients’ privacy in Chinese public medical institutions, following construction of a theoretical model framework through grounded theory, and subsequently to validate the scale to measure this protection behavior. Methods Combined with the theoretical paradigm of protection motivation theory (PMT) and semistructured interview data, the grounded theory research method, followed by the Delphi expert and group discussion methods, a theoretical framework and initial scale for doctors in Chinese public medical institutions to protect patients' privacy was formed. The adjusted scale was collected online using a WeChat electronic survey measured using a 5-point Likert scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA) and tests to analyze reliability and validity were performed on the sample data. SPSS 19.0 and Amos 26.0 statistical analysis software were used for EFA and CFA of the sample data, respectively. Results According to the internal logic of PMT, we developed a novel theoretical framework of a “storyline,” which was a process from being unaware of patients' privacy to having privacy protection behavior, that affected doctors' cognitive intermediary and changed the development of doctors' awareness, finally affecting actual privacy protection behavior in Chinese public medical institutions. Ultimately, we created a scale to measure 18 variables in the theoretical model, comprising 63 measurement items, with a total of 208 doctors participating in the scaling survey, who were predominantly educated to the master’s degree level (n=151, 72.6%). The department distribution was relatively balanced. Prior to EFA, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.702, indicating that the study was suitable for factor analysis. The minimum value of Cronbach α for each study variable was .754, which met the internal consistency requirements of the scale. The standard factor loading value of each potential measurement item in CFA had scores greater than 0.5, which signified that all the items in the scale could effectively converge to the corresponding potential variables. Conclusions The theoretical framework and scale to assess doctors' patient protection behavior in public medical institutions in China fills a significant gap in the literature and can be used to further the current knowledge of physicians’ thought processes and adoption decisions.
BACKGROUND Considering the high incidence of medical privacy disclosure, it is of vital importance to study doctors’ privacy protection behavior and its influencing factors. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the internal mechanism of doctors' protection of patients' privacy in Chinese public medical institutions using of grounded theory, in order to construct a theoretical model framework, to develop, and subsequently to validate a scale to measure this protection behavior. METHODS Combined with PMT and interview data, the grounded theory research method, and followed by the Delphi expert and group discussion methods, a theoretical framework and initial scale for doctors in Chinese public medical institutions to protect patients' privacy was formed. The adjusted scale was collected online using a WeChat electronic survey. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes and tests to analyze reliability and validity were performed on the sample data. RESULTS This study formed a theory regarding doctors' privacy protection behavior of patients in Chinese public medical institutions. Ultimately, we created a scale to measure 18 variables in the theoretical model, comprised of 63 measurement items, with a total of 208 doctors participating in the scaling survey. The research demonstrated that the scale had respectable internal consistency, in which the fit of the confirmatory factor model was good. CONCLUSIONS The theoretical framework and scale to assess doctors' patient protection behavior in public medical institutions in China fills a significant gap in the literature and can be used to further the current knowledge of physicians’ thought processes and adoption decisions.
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