High-entropy alloys (HEAs), which
are defined as near-equimolar
alloys of five or more elements, are attracting ever increasing attention
because of the unique properties in a variety of applications. Recently,
HEAs have already exhibited remarkable catalytic performance toward
several thermal-driven and electrocatalytic reactions. HEAs not only
regulate the electronic and geometric structures to a large degree
but also serve as a platform to construct catalysts with unexpected
performance. Herein, recent advances regarding HEA-based catalysis
are systematically summarized, with a special focus on the synthetic
methods for HEA-based catalysts, catalytic performance, and mechanistic
understanding. Moreover, the challenges and future opportunities for
this research area are carefully discussed. A series of open questions
and promising directions to be explored are proposed, including synthetic
methods, regulation of electronic properties, identification of active
centers, and applications into photocatalysis. This Review provides
an overview about the progress, challenges, and opportunities for
HEA-based catalysis.
Formic acid (HCOOH), as a promising hydrogen carrier, is renewable, safe, and nontoxic. However, the catalytic dehydrogenation of HCOOH is typically conducted at elevated temperature. Here, HCOOH decomposition is successfully achieved for hydrogen production on the developed Pt single atoms modified Te nanowires with the Pt mass loading of 1.1% (1.1%Pt/Te) at room temperature via a plasmon‐enhanced catalytic process. Impressively, 1.1%Pt/Te delivers 100% selectivity for hydrogen and the highest turnover frequency number of 3070 h
−1
at 25 °C, which is significantly higher than that of Pt single atoms and Pt nanoclusters coloaded Te nanowires, Pt nanocrystals decorated Te nanowires, and commercial Pt/C. A plasmonic hot‐electron driven mechanism rather than photothermal effect domains the enhancement of catalytic activity for 1.1%Pt/Te under light. The transformation of HCOO* to CO
2
δ
−
* on Pt atoms is proved to be the rate‐determining step by further mechanistic studies. 1.1%Pt/Te exhibits tremendous catalytic activity toward the decomposition of HCOOH owing to its plasmonic hot‐electron driven mechanism, which efficiently stimulates the rate‐determining step. In addition, hot electrons generated by the Te atoms nearby Pt single atoms are regarded to directly inject into the reactants adsorbed and activated on Pt single atoms.
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