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Several amide-AlCl3-based ionic liquid (IL) analogues were synthesized through a one-step method using three different structure amides as donor molecules. The effects of the steric and inductive effects of the methyl group substituted on the N atom on the asymmetric splitting of AlCl3 and the coordination site of the amide were investigated by (27)Al NMR, Raman, in situ IR, and UV-vis spectra for these IL analogues. Bidentate coordination through both the O and N atoms was dominant in the N-methylacetamide-AlCl3- and N,N-dimethylacetamide-AlCl3-based IL analogues because of the inductive effect of the methyl group. By contrast, the acetamide-AlCl3-based IL analogue presented mainly in the form of monodentate coordination via the O atom. Compared with monodentate coordination, bidentate coordination was favorable to the asymmetric splitting of AlCl3 with the same amide-AlCl3 molar ratio. Under the influence of the steric and inductive effects of the methyl group, the ionic species percentages in these IL analogues ranked in the following order: N-methylacetamide > N,N-dimethylacetamide > acetamide.

Several amine-based ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized via a one-step method using low-priced organic amines and inorganic acids, and they were mixed with water to form new CO2 absorbents. The effects of the ionic structure, IL concentration, temperature, and pressure on the CO2 absorption performance were investigated. The absorption performance of ILs was closely related to the ionic structure, and the CO2 molar absorption capacity in ILs with the same cation followed the order of [NO3] > [BF4] > [SO4] or [HSO4], whereas that with the same anion ranked in the following order: multiple amine > diamine > monoamine. The IL [TETA]­[NO3] with 40 wt % concentration showed the best capacity for CO2 absorption. Moreover, low temperature and high pressure favored CO2 absorption. The reaction mechanism of the amine group with CO2 in aqueous solutions of [TETA]­[NO3], primary amine, and secondary amine was studied via in situ infrared (IR) spectrophotometry. The results showed that the primary and secondary amines first reacted with CO2 to form carbamate, which decomposed further into bicarbonate with the continuous addition of CO2. However, carbamate generated from the reaction of [TETA]­[NO3] with CO2 did not decompose further.

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Isomerization oil becomes an important motor gasoline blending component due to increased statutory reduction of aromatics and olefins (high octane number components) contents in motor gasoline. The ionic liquid Et 3 NHCl-AlCl 3 (mole fraction of AlCl 3 is 0.67) shows good catalytic performance for the isomerization of n-pentane. The conversion of n-pentane increases with the enhancement of reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst/oil volume ratio (C/O ratio), while the yield of isomerization oil and the selectivity of isoparaffins decrease. The optimal reaction temperature, reaction time, and C/O ratio are 30 °C, 3 h, and 1:1, respectively. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the conversion of n-pentane, the yield of isomerization oil, and the selectivity of isoparaffins are 44.61 wt %, 96.07 wt %, and 90.52%, respectively. High conversion of n-pentane favors the octane number improvement of isomerization oil without the circulation of n-pentane, while low conversion of n-pentane is preferential with the circulation of n-pentane.

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