Although there is a growing interest in mobile learning, there are limited studies that focus on student knowledge acquisition. As applications and usages of mobile technology have become more and more accepted, it is important and meaningful that researchers and practitioners of mobile learning understand the potential factors that could influence learning outcomes. Accordingly, the primary purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of mobile technology playfulness, users' resistance to change and self-management of learning in mobile English learning outcomes (MELOs). A case study approach was utilized in this study mainly because the questions of interests were closely related to the usage of electronic dictionaries and their effects on mobile learning outcomes. The participants of this study were all undergraduate students from 10 undergraduate programs of the center for general education at one university in Southern Taiwan. A total of n = 167 undergraduate students with experience using an electronic dictionary to learn English participated in this study. The study results indicated that perceived playfulness and self-management of learning had positive influences on MELO and that users' resistance to change was negatively associated with MELO.

<p>The primary purpose of this study was to explore the key factors that could affect mobile learning continuance intention (MLCI), and examine the moderating effect of perceived flexibility advantages (PFA) on the relationship between key mobile learning elements and continuance intention. Five hundred undergraduate students who had previously adopted mobile devices to learn English took part in this study. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis was utilized to test the hypotheses in this study. It has been found that the perceived usefulness of mobile technology, subjective norm, and self-management of learning could be closely linked to mobile learning continuance intention. With particular respect to the moderating role of perceived flexibility advantages, it has been demonstrated that PFA could moderate the relationship between perceived usefulness of mobile technology and mobile learning continuance intention, as well as the association between subjective norm and mobile learning continuance intention, whereas PFA did not moderate the link between self-management of learning and mobile learning continuance intention.This report has further added to the body of knowledge in the field of mobile learning through empirical examination.</p>

Although there is a plethora of mobile learning studies, relatively little attention has been paid to the roles of self-management of learning and personal learning initiative on mobile English learning outcomes. Accordingly, the primary purpose of this study is not only to examine the links between perceived flexibility advantage, self-management of learning, mobile English learning continuance intention and performance, but also to explore the moderating role of personal learning initiative in mobile language learning outcomes. A total of 323 undergraduate students with mobile English learning experience took part in this study. The partial least-squares structural equation modelling analysis and SPSS PROCESS (model 7) were utilised to assess the data. The study findings have not only indicated the perceived flexibility advantage and self-management of learning will have a positive influence on mobile English learning continuance intention and performance, but also revealed that mobile English learning continuance intention will mediate the link between perceived flexibility advantage and mobile English learning performance. Moreover, it has been found that personal learning initiative will play a moderating role in reinforcing the positive relationship between perceived flexibility advantage and mobile English learning continuance intention.