Contrast-enhanced US helped improve flow visualization in the HA and PV, decrease scanning time, and correctly differentiate between thrombosis and a patent artery in patients without HA flow at conventional Doppler US.

Background: Like in other developing countries, cancer of cervix is one of the most common malignancies in women in Nepal. Most women never undergo a cervical Pap smear screening. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical epithelial lesions. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 880 conventional cervical Pap smears reported from the Department of Pathology, Chitwan Medical College in Chitwan, Nepal. The time period was from June 2009 to November 2010. Results: In this study, High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion was the most common with 6 cases (40%), followed by Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion with 3 cases (20%), then Atypical Squamous Epithelial Cells of Undetermined Significance, and atypical Glandular Cells and Squamous cell carcinoma with 2 cases each (13.3%). Eighty per cent of all the abnormal epithelial lesions were found in women above the age of 40 years. Conclusion: At least one Pap screening test of the cervix of all women between the ages of 40-50 years is recommended. Keywords: Pap smear; Cervical Intraepithelial Lesion; Squamous cell carcinoma. DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4447Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 30-33

In patients with unresectable NELM, TACE with STZ is well tolerated with minimal toxicity and can lead to diminished carcinoid syndrome and long-term survival. This is a novel, conservative approach for the initial treatment of unresectable NELM.

BackgroundUnderlying adenomyosis is often the cause of treatment failure for patients undergoing medical therapy for abnormal uterine bleeding and or chronic pelvic pain. Given the limitation of ultrasonography in diagnosing adenomyosis and MRI being unaffordable to most of the patients belonging to developing countries like us, it often remains undiagnosed before a hysterectomy. ObjectiveTo find out the clinical profile associated with adenomyosis and to determine the prevalence of adenomyosis in hysterectomy specimens; frequency distribution, as well as to correlate clinical examination with histopathological examination. MethodsA total of 60 women who had undergone hysterectomy with histopathologically proven adenomyosis between April 2009 and March 2010 were included . Data were collected on indication for the intervention, age, symptoms, clinical findings, hemoglobin, menopausal status, gross and histopathological findings. ResultsA total of 256 women were scheduled for hysterectomy. Adenomyosis was diagnosed in 60 of 256 cases (23.4%). Menorrhagia (91.2%), dysmenorrhoea (84.2%), lower abdominal pain (84.2%) beginning later in reproductive life (mean age-45yrs) is the classic presentation. Adenomyosis was present in 10 of 61 patients (16.3%) with fibroids; 27 of 60 (45%) with abnormal uterine bleeding; 11 of 55 (20%) with prolapse; four of 35 (11.4%) with ovarian mass; five of 25 (20%) with chronic pelvic pain; three of four (75%) with endometriosis. ConclusionWomen undergoing hysterectomy with diagnosis of adenomyosis have a distinct symptomatology. The choice of therapy in adenomyosis is hysterectomy for those women who have completed family and had failed medical therapy .

Background