Background/Aim:To study the prevalence and trend of acquired drug resistance to the first line antitubercular drugs.Materials and Methods:Sputum of 215 previously treated adult pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients over a period of 2002-2006 were subjected to culture and sensitivity testing against common antitubercular drugs.Result:Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was obtained from sputum specimen of 184 (85.58%) of the 215 patients who were studied; Overall, 113 (62.77%) of these were resistant to at least one antitubercular drug. Resistance to isoniazid was most common (62.22%) followed by rifampicin (57.22%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 103 (57.22%) cases. During the five-year study period, an increasing trend in drug resistance including MDR-TB was observed.Conclusion:This study showed increasing trend in drug resistance including MDR-TB in five years.
Background: Insomnia is a common problem, however, its prevalence has never been
examined in Indian population. Moreover, a number of psychiatric disorders
have been found to be associated with insomnia in clinical population, but
this association has scarcely been examined in general population.Methods: This epidemiological study was done in an urban and a rural population.
Subjects were selected using Kish method. After obtaining informed consent,
psychiatric disorders were diagnosed using Hindi version of Mini
International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Hindi version of Insomnia Severity
Index was used to diagnose insomnia.Results: 1700 subjects were included in this study. In this study, prevalence of
insomnia was 10.3%. Its prevalence increased with increasing years of
education (p=0.009). Insomnia was more frequent in subjects
living in joint families (p<0.001), having higher
education (p=0.009), those who were separated (p<0.001),
among subjects belonging to middle socio-economic status
(p<0.001) and in urban population compared to semi-urban
and rural population (p<0.001). Insomnia was also more
frequent among subjects with major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety
disorder, alcohol dependence, cannabis dependence and tobacco use. However,
binary logistic regression analysis showed that only higher education,
unemployment, generalized anxiety disorder and tobacco use were associated
with insomnia.Conclusion: Insomnia in general population is associated with higher education,
unemployment, generalized anxiety disorders and tobacco use.
Background:Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infection experienced by humans after respiratory and gastro-intestinal infections, and also the most common cause of nosocomial infections for patients admitted to hospitals indeed UTIs are the most frequent bacterial infection in women.Aim:The aim was to determine the prevalence of UTI and to identify factors associated with an increased risk of UTI among nursing students.Subjects and Methods:The cross-sectional study involved 177 unmarried nursing students aged 18–30 years studying in the SRMSIMS, Nursing College Bareilly. A structured questionnaire was used, and study subjects were asked regarding the symptoms of UTI in the previous 3 months. Chi-square test and Univariate Logistic Regression was used to analyze the data.Results:The overall prevalence of UTI was found to be 19.8% (35/177). Rural background, inadequate water intake, and unsatisfactory toilet habits were found to be strong predictors of UTI.Conclusions:There is an urgent need to sensitize the nursing students regarding the growing need of the issue so that they themselves become aware in addition to raising the awareness of other high-risk groups.
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