Antiviral therapy utilizing boceprevir in liver transplant recipients requires close monitoring. Anaemia and neutropenia were common requiring growth factors in most recipients. On-treatment viral responses appear promising but long-term data are needed.
Approximately 2.7 to 4.1 million people have chronic hepatitis C (HCV) in the United States. Although often thought of as an asymptomatic disease, several studies have revealed that those with chronic HCV experience increased work impairment manifested as decreased work productivity and increased absenteeism and presenteeism (attending work while being impaired). This review article summarizes the current literature examining the link between chronic HCV and work impairment for those with and without treatment and liver transplant recipients. We searched PubMed for epidemiological studies of HCV and its effect on worker productivity. We used a combination of the keywords "Hepatitis C," "disability," "work," "occupation," "labor," "productivity," and "absenteeism." Multiple studies were identified in our search and all confirmed the hypothesis that chronic HCV infection, with and without active treatment, lead to decreased work productivity and increased absenteeism. This was also found to be true for those who had undergone liver transplantation. Those living with chronic HCV infection experience increased work impairment manifested as decreased work productivity and increased absenteeism. This was found to be true whether or not patients were undergoing active treatment and for liver transplant recipients. Identifying a trend toward increased disability in patients with chronic HCV can help promote appropriate health care, government, and work allocation of resources to help minimize economic, social, and health burdens.
Background and Aims: Given the increased risk of post-transplant metabolic syndrome (PTMS; defined by hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia), we aimed to identify the potential role of food addiction in the development of metabolic complications in the post-liver transplant population.Methods: Inclusion criteria included adult liver transplant recipients followed at our institution between June 2016 and November 2016. Participants were administered a demographic survey as well as the Yale Food Assessment Scale 2.0, a 35-item questionnaire used to assess frequency of food addiction in accordance with the DSM-V guidelines of substance use disorders. Demographic and clinical data were collected.Results: Our study included 236 liver transplant recipients (139 males, 97 females). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) BMI of participants was 26.8 kg/m2 (24.2, 30.4), and median (IQR) time since transplantation was 50.9 months (19.6, 119.8). The prevalence rates of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus were 54.7%, 25.0% and 27.1%, respectively. Twelve participants (5.1%) were found to have a diagnosis of food addiction. A diagnosis of food misuse was made in 94 (39.8%) of the transplant recipients.Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with prior data that indicate high prevalence of metabolic complications among liver transplant recipients. Food addiction was not predictive of metabolic complications within this population. Nevertheless, we found that this population was at high risk of demonstrating symptoms of food misuse, and they were not likely to appreciate the risks of pathologic patterns of eating. Given the increasing risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this population, efforts should be made to identify risk factors for the development of PTMS.
AcknowledgmentsThis report resulted from a collaboration among the scientists who are members of the Social and Character Development Research Consortium (SACD Research Consortium), school district personnel, and curriculum developers. Many school districts, principals, teachers, and school staff members assisted the evaluation by providing records and coordinating site visits for data collection. We appreciate their help and willingness to share critical information with the evaluation team.The authors listed under the SACD Research Consortium represent only part of the research team involved in the project. We would like to thank the research staff at each research team's site, especially each team's site coordinator. These people worked closely with the local schools' staff and the contractors' data collection teams to facilitate the successful collection of the data.We would also like to acknowledge the contribution of the many contract staff members who worked on the data collection and analysis. The authors wish to thank Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. (MPR) staff members Audrey McDonald and Carolyn Miller for their tireless efforts in managing data collection, and Shawn Marsh and Larry Snell for their development and maintenance of the tracking system. We give special thanks to Decision Information Resources, Inc., in particular Douglas Hermond and Carla Prince, for assisting in data collection and the development of coding protocols for analysis. We appreciate the contributions of Marvin Berkowitz and Mindy Bier at the University of Missouri-St. Louis to the evaluation. Finally, we wish to provide thanks to Clotilde Benitez and Ken Carlisle from Friday Systems, which provided support for the SACD working meetings.The SACD Research Consortium would also like to remember Dr. Victor Battistich from the College of Education at the University of Missouri-St. Louis. Dr. Battistich, who passed away on June 20, 2008, served as a consultant to MPR during this project and was a leading researcher in children's social development and school-based programming.The mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations in the description of the projects, or the reporting of study findings, does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This page is intentionally blank. vii Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of InterestThe Social and Character Development (SACD) Research Consortium consists of research teams (principal investigators and co-principal investigators from each grantee site); Institute of Education Sciences (IES) staff; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) staff; and the evaluation contractor, Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. (MPR). Except for the three exceptions described in the paragraph below, the grantee research teams, IES staff, CDC staff, and contractor staff from MPR have no interests that could be affected by findings from the evaluation of the intervention programs that are described in this report.Three of the SACD program research teams were led by and/or included perso...
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