Intravenous penicillin/ampicillin remains the drug of choice for treating penicillin-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia in areas where the MIC does not exceed 2 microg/ml.
Estudo avaliativo que procura definir os determinantes contextuais do grau de implantação da estratégia Atenção Integrada às Doenças Prevalentes da Infância, no estado de Pernambuco. Selecionou-se 33 unidades do Programa Saúde da Família, de dez municípios. Para definir o grau de implantação, utilizou-se um sistema de escores específico e os indicadores de processo normatizados pela estratégia, classificando os municípios nos níveis Crítico, Insatisfatório e Aceitável. Os municípios, com uma exceção, apresentaram nível aceitável em relação à estrutura. Quanto à avaliação do processo, dois receberam uma visita de seguimento e os escores encontraram-se no nível insatisfatório. Quatro receberam duas visitas, com um deles classificado no nível insatisfatório no 2º seguimento e outro apresentando nível crítico no 1º seguimento. Em quatro municípios que receberam três visitas, um obteve escores no nível insatisfatório nas três avaliações. Observa-se que quatro municípios atingiram escores médios, que os classificam no nível insatisfatório quando se consideram as médias dos escores obtidos nas 3 visitas de seguimento. Não foi encontrada associação entre contexto organizacional e os graus de implantação.
Three-quarters of the patients studied had alveolar infiltrates. Upper lobe compromising and pleural effusion were associated with pneumococcal invasive disease.
The clinical records of 87 children with bacterial meningitis treated with antibiotics (group 1) and of 92 treated with antibiotics plus dexamethasone (group 2), admitted to the Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil over 2 consecutive years (1991 and 1992), were analysed. There were no significant differences between treatment groups regarding characteristics on admission except that group 1 were younger. The overall case fatality rate was 19%, with 14% in group 2 and 24% in group 1 (p = 0.09). Rate of discharge without sequelae was 70% in the steroid-treated children and 56% in children treated with antibiotics alone (p = 0.07). Among children aged 6-59 months, those treated with dexamethasone compared with those treated with antibiotics alone had a better case fatality rate (11% vs 25%; p = 0.05) and a better rate of discharge without sequelae (73% vs 52%; p = 0.02). Among the cases with a CSF culture positive for Haemophilus influenzae, 77% were discharged without sequelae in group 2 compared with 51% in group 1 (p = 0.03). The addition of dexamethasone to standard antibiotic treatment improves the outcome of children between 6 and 59 months of age admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
These findings indicate the need to improve the socioeconomic and living conditions of the less-privileged population, especially in rural areas. The health sector should emphasize primary care, focusing on a preventive approach beginning in the prenatal period.
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