In a continuous manufacturing environment where production and consumption occur simultaneously, one of the biggest challenges is the efficient management of production and inventory system. In order to manage the integrated production inventory system economically it is necessary to identify the optimal production time and the optimal production reorder point that either maximize the profit or minimize the cost. In addition, during production the process has to go through some natural phenomena like random breakdown of machine, deterioration of product over time, uncertainty in repair time that eventually create the possibility of shortage. In this situation, efficient management of inventory & production is crucial. This paper addresses the situation where a perishable (deteriorated) product is manufactured and consumed simultaneously, the demand of this product is stable over the time, machine that produce the product also face random failure and the time to repair this machine is also uncertain. In order to describe this scenario more appropriately, the continuously reviewed Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) model is considered in this research work. The main goal is to identify the optimal production uptime and the production reorder point that ultimately minimize the expected value of total cost consisting of machine setup, deterioration, inventory holding, shortage and corrective maintenance cost.
Bangladesh is primarily an agricultural country. Agriculture plays a vital role in its economy in terms of food safety, value addition, export earnings and employment. Bangladesh weather and soils are suitable for a variety of harvests cultivation. More than 100 vegetables are produced in this country. Various types of vegetables are grown in rural Bangladesh in small homesteads and large agricultural land both for the own consumption and commercial purpose. Commercial vegetable trading has an integrated supply chain system which depends on some intermediaries and their activities to take the vegetables from producers to consumers. The main problem is consumer pays two to three times more than the producers' margin. The main objectives of this paper are to investigate the existing vegetable supply chain through value stream analysis and to identify different stakeholders and their activities, and also to illustrate various cost and price movement towards different stages of the supply chain. Based on the questionnaire different data are collected from farmers, different market actors, and consumer and finally problems regarding vegetable value chain are identified. In the existing situation, producers have no control over the vegetable supply chain, product pricing; rather they are strongly influenced by market syndicates. In order to make the problems of the existing supply chain network more understandable different analysis is conducted in this paper. Finally a new network is proposed to the vegetable supply chain.
Purpose: Managing the inventory of spare parts is very difficult because of the stochastic nature of part’s demand. Also, only controlling the inventory of the spare part is not enough; instead, the supply chain of the spare part needs to be managed efficiently. Moreover, every organization now aims to have a resilient and sustainable supply chain to overcome the risk of facility disruption and to ensure environmental sustainability. This paper thus aims to establish a model of inventory-location relating to the resilient supply chain network of spare parts.Design/methodology/approach: First, applying queuing theory, a location-inventory model for a spare parts supply chain facing a facility disruption risk and has a restriction for CO2 emission, is developed. The model is later formulated as a non-linear mixed-integer programming problem and is solved using MATLAB.Findings: The model gives optimal decisions about the location of the warehouse facility and the policy of inventory management of each location selected. The sensitivity analysis shows that the very low probability of facility disruption does not influence controlling the average emission level. However, the average emission level certainly decreases with the increment of the disruption probability when the facility disruption probability is significant.Practical implications: Using this model, based on the cost and emission parameters and the likelihood of facility disruption, the spare part’s manufacturer can optimize the total average cost of the spare part’s supply chain through making a trade-off between productions, warehouse selection, inventory warehousing and demand allocation.Originality/value: Previous research focuses only on developing a framework for designing an efficient spare parts planning and control system. The inventory-location model for spare parts is not addressed in the sense of risk of facilities disturbance and emission. This research first time jointly considered the probabilistic facility disruption risk and carbon emission for modeling the spare part’s supply chain network.
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