A major public health threat that affects humans is recognized worldwide as an occurrence of antibiotic resistance regarding bacterial pathogen. Multidrug resistant microorganisms appeared in the hospitals and in the community settings respectively insinuating that the antibiotic-resistant bacteria are present even outside the hospital environment. First stage of bacterial adaptation and the top of evolution is represented by the bacterial response to the drug assault. Then, the survival of the fittest is a consequence of the biochemical and genetically alteration. Therefore, of extreme importance are the innovative methods and devices for therapeutic approaches against antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.
Introduction: Parasomnias are disorders that may appear during sleep with and/or without dreams. To describe them we must take in account a subjective description by the patient and his relatives. Objective measurement of this phenomenology is made with Polysomnography, Electromyography and Holter EKG. Material and Methods: We searched the recent data about parasomnia in the Medline, Pubmed, Google academic databases as also in classic books and reviews. Results: The clinical picture is various from motor and neurological signs to autonomic signs as also sleep related hallucinations. There are more rare presentations with associated disorders due to excretion and involuntary urinary emission during sleep disorders. Parasomnias are often preceded by a traumatic event for the patient and his family members which can be a head trauma or an infection or an intoxication which can be accompanied by psycho vulnerable events. On the other part parasomnias can be themselves a preamble announcing neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson disease, Lewy Body Dementia or some synucleopathies. Conclusions: The fluctuations of neurotransmitters (Dopamine, Serotonine or Acetylcholine) due to specific neurologic pathology can lead to particular parasomnias, their evolution corresponding to each impairment. The knowledge of accompanying parasomnias of neurologic disorders like those from Parkinson disease helps manage diseases of neurological patients already known with Parkinson's disease or other neurological diseases, leading to increased quality of life for these patients as a result of specialized intervention.
The usual treatment for tuberculosis is difficult by its long-term therapy, raised dosing frequency and adverse effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Anionic clays, also called layered double hydroxides are a class of hydrotalcite like structures having high compositional variety and being able to self-assembly in the presence of drug molecules. The work refers to the development of nanohybrid materials like delivery systems that intercalates isonicotinic acid hydrazide, known as isoniazid anti-tuberculosis drug, into layered structure of hydrotalcite compounds. Loaded drug molecules of isoniazid were proved to be released in a controlled way from the as synthesized nanostructure in a simulated buffer solution. The obtained sample was characterized by advanced techniques thus demonstrating the inclusion of isoniazid antibiotic between hydrotalcite sheets. These results revealed important expectations for further researches of these organic-inorganic nanocomposites for tuberculosis treatment.
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