Purpose: This study conducted to classify factors of fixed Higher Education Institution (HEI) characteristics influenced students' decision making to enroll at private HEI and social media application as an external factor exclusively in Malaysia phenomena. The main focus of this research was to determine the relationship between independent variables (academic programs, tuition fees, location, institution rankings, institution facilities, employment opportunities, social media application) influence dependent variable (decision making); and to determine the major factor that influence students' decision making to enroll at private HEI. Methodology: The underpinning theory applied in this study was Theory Reason Action (TRA) for social media application, while Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) applied for academic programs, tuition fees, location, institution rankings, institution facilities, and employment opportunities. Five hundred (500) questionnaires distributed at selected private HEI around Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. Respondent was an undergraduate student semester one the year 2018 only. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Results: Findings indicated result for direct effect revealed decision making were significant in the relationship between tuition fees, location, institution ranking, institution facilities, employment opportunities, and social media application thus hypothesis H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, and H7 accepted. Implications: Therefore, the only academic program was insignificant with decision making thus hypothesis H1 rejected. While the major factor that influences students' decision making to enroll at Private HEI in rank number one was employment opportunities H6 (β = .301; p = .000 < .05). Thus, Results of direct effects indicated there is a relationship between employment opportunities and students’ decision making to enroll at private HEI.
It is widely acknowledged in the existing studies that innovation has the critical role in firms’ performances. Moreover, it has been acknowledged that innovative activities are the main sources of growth, survivability, and success for SMEs firms. In the setting of entrepreneurship, earlier studies have claimed that innovation is the integrated element of entrepreneurship. However, the existing studies have also revealed inconsistent findings regarding the impacts of innovation on firm’s performances under various contexts. Thus, this study claims that there should be a moderator to facilitate the relationship between innovations and firm’s performances. Therefore, this study has introduced the external integration as a moderator to improve the relationship between types of innovations and firm’s performances. The main objective of the study is to identify the relationship between various types of innovations including process innovation, product innovation, marketing innovation, and organizational innovations and business success operationalized with four dimensions including perceived financial performance, perceived non-financial performance, perceived business growth, and perceived performance relative to competitors) under the moderating role of external integration. Three theories namely Strategic Contingency Theory (SCT), Resource Dependence Theory (RDT), and Resource Based View (RBV) have been integrated to develop the proposed theoretical framework. The recent literature has been taken to gather the information about the variables that helped current study to develop a theoretical frame work and then eight propositions have been developed based on proposed theoretical framework. The external integration as a moderator between innovations and business success is the main theoretical contribution of this study. Furthermore, limitations have been stated at the end and recommendations have been made for future research.
The main purpose of this paper was to propose a strategic conceptual framework using the Theory of Planned Behavior in the context of entrepreneurship intention among young creative entrepreneurs. The dynamic environment of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the cultural resilience of art and design. The present study identified eight hypotheses for pathways of strategic direction for young creative entrepreneurs within and after the pandemic. The conceptual framework developed examines the influence of entrepreneurship education on attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Furthermore, this study also outlines guidance for young creative entrepreneurs based on attitudes toward entrepreneurship intention, entrepreneurship self-identity, subjective norms surrounding entrepreneurship intention, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurship commitment and enactment. Keywords: entrepreneurship education, Theory of Planned Behavior, entrepreneurship self-identity, entrepreneurship plan enactment, entrepreneurship commitment
This study aims to examine the effect of the variable attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on entrepreneurial intention which is moderated by the entrepreneurial self-identity variable. This study has three hypotheses. Data were collected from respondents obtained from online questionnaires distributed to students in Yogyakarta Indonesia. The data were then analyzed using a structural equation modeling technique with the help of SmartPLS 3 software. The results of this study indicate that the variable attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intention which is moderated by the entrepreneurial self-identity variable. All hypotheses in this study were accepted. Each hypothesis is discussed in detail in this article Keywords: Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, Entrepreneurial Intention, Entrepreneurial Self-identity.
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