In this study, more knowledge about the risks and benefits of TOLAC and ERCD was found to be positively associated with the decision for TOLAC. This finding is important for health care providers when counseling women who have had a prior cesarean about their choices regarding mode of birth during a subsequent pregnancy. Supplying women with complete and accurate information about the risks and benefits of both choices may help increase the number of women who opt for TOLAC.

The LORAA and the HCTSR are effective measures of level of reflection and CT to evaluate learning from simulation and clinical experiences. [J Nurs Educ. 2016;55(11):645-650.].

The request for a cesarean birth by a woman who does not have a medical or obstetric indication for the surgical procedure presents an ethical dilemma. Although this request may seem to be a rational option for the pregnant woman, clinicians may not be comfortable with this option when they believe the best choice for a woman is to attempt a vaginal birth. The contradiction for the clinician relates to the commitment to provide evidence‐based care which conflicts with evidence that surgical birth without a medical indication may be associated with adverse outcomes. The commitment to support patient autonomy adds to this dilemma. Use of a shared decision‐making process can help clinicians support women to be autonomous in their thinking and exhibit self‐confidence and self‐direction when considering options around their birth.

The number of women diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer related to the human papillomavirus (HPV) is increasing in the United States. Educating health care providers and women about the link between HPV and oropharyngeal cancers can aid in earlier diagnosis and treatment. This article discusses the etiology and clinical presentation of HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer, noting distinctions between the 2 types. Recommendations for screening and prevention are provided.

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