Objective:To analyze the prevalence of syphilis in during pregnancy and its association with socioeconomic characteristics, reproductive history, prenatal and labor care, and newborn characteristics. Method:A retrospective, cross-sectional study based on gestational and congenital syphilis reports. A (records) linkage was performed in the Brazilian databases: “Information System for Notifiable Diseases” (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - SINAN); “Live Births Information System” (Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos - SINASC); and “Mortality Information System” (Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade - SIM). Results:The prevalence of gestational syphilis was 0.57%. The following associations of syphilis in pregnancy were found: non-white skin color/ethnicity (PR=4.6, CI=3.62-5.76); low educational level (PR=15.4; CI=12.60-18.86); and absence of prenatal care (PR=7.4, CI=3.68-14.9). The perinatal outcomes associated with gestational syphilis were prematurity (PR=1.6 CI=1.17-2.21) and low birth weight (PR=1.6; CI=1.14-2.28). Two deaths from congenital syphilis, one death from another cause and five stillbirths were reported. Conclusion:The results signify a long way until reaching the World Health Organization’s goal of eradicating congenital syphilis.

Fall-related mortality and admission rates increased in Brazil but varied by gender and state of residence. The results of this study do not only monitor the problem over time but may also help plan technological and human resources to prevent and control falls.

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Objective:Identifying factors associated to Caesarean sections among the residents of Maringá-PR, according to the financing source for delivery. Methods: A crosssectional study with data from 920 postpartum women interviewed between October 2013 and February 2014. Association analysis was performed by logistic regression. Results: Caesarean section rates were 55.5% in the Unified Healthcare System (SUS) and 93.8% in the private system. Factors associated with Caesarean section in the SUS were: previous Caesarean section (OR=8.9; CI=4.6-16.9), desire for Caesarean section early in pregnancy (OR=2.0; CI=1.1-3.6), pregestational overweight/obesity (OR=1.8; CI=1.1-2.8), and per capita family income higher than one minimum wage (OR=2.1; CI=1.3-3.4). In the private system, desire for Caesarean section early in pregnancy (OR=25.3) and a previous Caesarean section (OR=11.3) were strongly associated to its performance. Conclusion: It is necessary to properly orientate all pregnant women who desire a Caesarean delivery, from both the SUS and the private system, about the inherent risks of the surgical procedure without indication. In the public health sector, guidelines should be focused on pregnant women with previous Caesarean delivery, with a per capita income higher than one minimum wage and those who are overweight or obese, as these women are more likely to have a Caesarean section.

IntroductionBreast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death among women.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze time trends in overall mortality from breast cancer in Brazil, Brazilian regions and States.MethodsThis is an exploratory study, of the time series of deaths from breast cancer contained in the Mortality Information System (SIM), of women living in Brazil, Brazilian regions and States, from 1996 to 2013. For the trend analysis, the polynomial regression model was used, and a significant trend was considered when the estimated model obtained a p value <0.05.ResultsThere was a tendency of increased mortality from breast cancer in Brazilian women (average increase of 0.18 per year; p <0.001), with regional differences, particularly in the age group 20–49 years (0.07 per year; p <0.001). The age group 50–69 years remained constant but had high average rates (37.14).ConclusionMore effective planning is needed to focus on the different scenarios of the Brazilian regions. Screening strategies for the incidence and mortality from breast cancer must also be rethought according to age group in the country.

RESUMO Para avaliar se creches são ambientes protetores ou propiciadores de infestação intestinal, foi feito exame coproparasitológico de crianças de creche e grupo controle. Creche relacionou-se à maior prevalência de parasitoses (63% x 41,4 % ; p<0,01)As parasitoses intestinais estão intimamente relacionadas às condições sanitárias e representam um importante problema de saúde pública nos países subdesenvolvidos 4 . As crianças são as mais acometidas, podendo a maior prevalência de parasitas intestinais levar a déficit nutricional e do crescimento pôndero-estatural 7 .Em função da maior urbanização e maior participação feminina no mercado de trabalho, as creches passaram a ser o primeiro ambiente externo ao doméstico que a criança freqüenta, tornando-se potenciais ambientes de contaminação 1 2 3 9 .Este trabalho se propôs a verificar a prevalência de infestação intestinal por parasitas nas creches públicas da cidade de Aracaju, Nordeste do Brasil, e se esses estabelecimentos são protetores ou expositores para tal infestação.Foi realizado um estudo com seleção de dois grupos. Um grupo de estudo (creche) e um grupo controle para determinar a prevalência de enteroparasitoses intestinais, na população de crianças usuárias de creches públicas de Aracaju, Nordeste do Brasil durante o ano de 2003. Foram estudadas dez creches, sendo sorteadas duas em cada um dos 5 distritos sanitários de Aracaju, com o objetivo de se conseguir uma distribuição mais abrangente da população da cidade. Foram estudadas 26 crianças em cada creche selecionada escolhidas de forma aleatória. Para o grupo controle foram selecionadas crianças não freqüentadoras de creche, de mesma faixa etária (1 a 5 anos de idade, mediana dos dois grupos 3,7 anos), moradoras das vizinhanças das crianças índice (a mais próxima encontrada independente do gênero), a fim de comparar a prevalência de enteroparasitoses entre os dois grupos. O tamanho da amostra foi calculado para um nível de confiança de 95%, poder do teste de 80%, relação 1:1 creche e não creche, prevalência estimada de 40% na população infantil e 30% na população de creche, que resultou no total de 260 crianças para cada grupo.Foram aplicados questionários padronizados para avaliar as condições sócio-econômicas familiares e as características estruturais das creches estudadas. A pesquisa de helmintos e protozoários foi feita através do método de Blagg, com posterior pesquisa de ovos e cistos por microscopia ótica.Este trabalho foi aprovado pelo

Phase diagrams of systems composed of polyethylene(glycol) (PEG) 1500 + sodium citrate + water and PEG 4000 + sodium citrate + water were determined at temperatures of (10, 35, and 45) °C and (5, 10, 25, 35, and 45) °C, respectively. The influence of temperature and PEG molar mass on the equilibrium data of the system was analyzed. Binodal curves shifted toward the origin with the increase in PEG molar mass.

Liquid-liquid equilibrium data of aqueous two-phase systems composed of polyethylene(glycol) (PEG) 4000 + zinc sulfate at (5, 10, 35, and 45) °C were measured. The effect of temperature in the systems was studied. The expansion of the two-phase area with the increase in temperature from (5 to 35) °C and also a small reduction of the biphasic region from (35 to 45) °C were observed. The slope of all tie lines increased with the temperature increase. The tie line length increased in the ranges of (5 to 25) °C and (35 to 45) °C and decreased from (25 to 35) °C.