One of the crucial challenges in energy management is the conversion to sustainable operations. The present work is an attempt to verify whether financial institutions are able to identify and valorize those energy companies that have embarked on a virtuous process of emissions reduction. The analysis aims to verify the extent to which environmental disclosure measures are negatively associated with the cost of debt, focusing on a sample of international energy enterprises, observed over a time span from 2003 to 2016. Moreover, it tests whether measures relating to the emission of GHG are positively associated with the cost of debt. The empirical analysis is
Small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) deal with many challenges that threaten their survival every day. To successfully overcome these challenges, SMEs rely on strategic alliances. Drawing on the innovative concept of ambidexterity, this study focuses on how SME alliances can handle the dilemma of exploration and exploitation to achieve an advantage in terms of financial performance. A sample of 9,673 Italian SMEs aggregated in 1,854 alliances in the period 2010–2015 was used to test the hypotheses, referring to the moderating effect of corporate sustainability on the relationship between ambidextrous strategies and alliance performance. The results show that, in general, SME alliances that do not set sustainability goals prefer a focused alliance to achieve economic benefits; otherwise, if sustainability objectives are considered at the bases of the alliance formation, the greatest economic benefits are linked to an ambidextrous alliance.
Marketing is changing over time, giving value not only to customer satisfaction but also to environmental heritage, for a sustainable economy. The importance of the natural environment related to marketing brought many academics and professionals to define green marketing, although today there is nota unique definition. Relaying on the signaling theory, this study aims at investigating the relationship between the signals, which are changeable factors and activities conveying information to individuals in order to bridge the gap, and the consumers' attitude as a feedback to these signals. Results shown that firms already making green products and/or green production processes to continue along this path and continue innovation. Conversely, firms that still do not understand the change of course of society and the future changes in consumers' purchasing behavior, should divert their forces and their expertise in this direction.
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