Nine years of hourly tide-gauge data from inside Sydney Harbour were detided and combined with wave- rider observations from outside, to test the effect of the waves on water level in the Harbour. Weather records were appended, to account for the confounding factors of wind and atmospheric pressure via a multiple regression analysis. The regression of water level on wave variance was found to be 2.88 cm m-2, in satisfactory agreement with the theoretical value of 3/4H, where H is the average depth of the Harbour entrance. Wind set up the Harbour most efficiently (0.48 cm perm s-1) when blowing toward 18� west of north. The regression of water level on atmospheric pressure was 0.74 cm mb-1, definitely less than 1.01 cm mb-1, the value of isostasy.
Observations on metamorphosing tadpoles of Hyalinobatrachium orientale (Anura: Centrolenidae). Metamorphosis, when anuran amphibians resorb their tails and remodel their mouthparts and internal organs, is a vulnerable stage in the frog’s life history. As larvae metamorphose from tadpoles to adult frogs, they are neither suited to aquatic life nor ready for active terrestrial life. Previous studies have examined the duration of metamorphosis in a range of species, with respect to tadpole size, habitat, and other factors; however, the duration of metamorphosis relative to where it takes place has not been reported in centrolenids. In Hyalinobatrachium orientale, metamorphosis takes place on the upper surfaces of the leaves of low understory plants and lasts 3.5–4.0 days, a little longer than expected for the tadpole of this body size. Metamorphs seem to shift their perches from leaf to leaf randomly. There are no significant differences in the temperature or relative humidity of the upper and lower surfaces of leaves in the forest understory; thus, the presence of the metamorphs on the upper surfaces of leaves may provide moisture from the upper story vegetation after rain and protect them from terrestrial predators.
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