ResumoRevisam-se pesquisas sobre efeitos do Programa Bolsa Família. Há quatro evidências frequentes. A primeira é que o programa tem focalização relativamente boa, mas que pode ainda ser melhorada. A segunda é o efeito positivo sobre a aquisição (consumo) de alimentos -sem conclusões sobre a qualidade da dieta. A terceira diz respeito ao estimulo às crianças a participarem da escola (matrícula, frequência e progressão), embora pouco se saiba sobre os efeitos na aprendizagem. A ausência de efeitos sobre a fecundidade das mulheres caracteriza a quarta conclusão robusta que se pode tirar da literatura, ainda que mais estudos devam ser realizados. Em outras dimensões, as evidências não formam consenso sobre direção dos efeitos. Palavras-ChavePrograma Bolsa Família. Revisão de literatura. Avaliação. Efeitos colaterais. AbstractThis paper surveys the literature about the effects of Bolsa Familia Program. We found four main results. The first is that the program is relatively well targeted, but it can still be improved. The second is the positive effect on the acquisition (consumption) of food, but there is no conclusions about the quality of the diet. The third is that the program encourages children to attend school (enrollment, attendance and progression). However, little is known about the effects on learning. The absence of effects on the fecundity of the women characterizes the fourth conclusion that can be drawn from the literature, although more studies must be ♦ Pelos valiosos comentários e sugestões, os autores agradecem aos professores e pesquisadores André Carraro (UFPel), Gibran Teixeira (FURG), Guilherme Stein (FEE-RS), Márcio Barbosa (FURG), Marcos Vinicio Wink Junior (FEE-RS), Priscilla Tavares (EESP-FGV), Renan Pieri (INSPER), Rafael Parfitt (UFPel) e Vinicius Halmenschlager (ESALQ-USP e FURG). Os agradecimentos também se estendem aos revisores da revista Estudos Econômicos. Erros remanescentes são de nossa exclusiva responsabilidade.
Resumo (2012), we consider an additional parameter that measures the sensibility of the effort made in between the stages of the project. We also delimitate the numerical range of the variable that determines the technology flexibility. In this regard, a bundling regime, under which the companies form a consortium, presents better results than when they are contracted separately. This is a consequence of the first model, in which the companies are able to internalize the externalities of the productive process. On the other hand, even though the bundling regime is more efficient, the government should seek mechanisms to monitor the quality of services.
A literatura atual sobre o estabelecimento de metas de inflação assume implicitamente a ausência de interação entre as autoridades fiscal e monetária para o sucesso deste regime monetário. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o regime de metas de inflação em um ambiente onde as autoridades fiscal e monetária interagem de maneira não-cooperativa, os impostos são distorcivos e a autoridade monetária é discricionária. São discutidos os resultados de equilíbrios de Nash sob diferentes restrições institucionais. Neste ambiente, regras, o banqueiro central conservador de Rogoff e o regime de metas de inflação, estabelecido para reduzir o viés inflacionário da autoridade monetária, podem provocar uma piora na função perda da sociedade.
Current literature on inflation targeting, based on the Barro-Gordon model, assumes no interaction between monetary and fiscal authorities. In this paper, inflation targeting is introduced in a model where monetary and fiscal policies interact strategically, taxes are distortional and the monetary authority is discretionary. Some Nash equilibria, under different institutional structures designed to improve policy outcomes, are discussed. In this framework, commitment, Rogoff's conservative central banker and inflation targeting, which are designed to reduce monetary authority inflation bias, can reduce society's welfare. The paper establishes the conditions for this to happen
A political economy model is developed to provide a rationale of monetary policy in high inflation regimes, such as the Brazilian experience until the advent of the Plano Real. Decision making of monetary policy is assumed to be decentralized, where several decision-makers competitively determine the quantity of money. It is shown that equilibrium inflation is higher than under the alternative monetary regime where decision making is centralized at the Central Bank. An important additional feature of this political economy model is that it does not rely on time-inconsistency to generate high and sub-optimal inflation.
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