В статье рассматриваются ряд проблем, которые связаны с действующим в настоящий время подходом к криминализации и наказуемости неоконченного преступления прерванного на стадии приготовления. В результате толкования норм главы 6 Уголовного кодекса РФ, авторами затрагиваются концептуальные вопросы о наличии уголовной ответственности за приготовление к преступлению в целом, о действующем в законодательстве подходе к определению уголовной ответственности, а также о правовом содержании приготовительных действий (к преступлениям небольшой и средней тяжести) уголовная ответственность за совершение которых не наступает. На основе проведенного анализа авторы указывают на ряд неточностей в действующем в подходе к криминализации и наказуемости, приготовительных к преступлениям действий и отмечают на возможные причины их наличия. Результатом проведенного анализа является формулировка авторского подхода к регламентации приготовительных действий в уголовном законодательстве с указанием на его преимущества по сравнению с действующим в настоящее время. The article examines a number of problems that are associated with the current approach to the criminalization and punishability of an unfinished crime interrupted at the stage of preparation. As a result of the interpretation of the norms of Chapter 6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the authors touch upon conceptual issues about the existence of criminal liability for preparing for a crime in general, about the approach to determining criminal liability that is valid in the legislation, as well as about the legal content of preparatory actions (for crimes of small and medium severity) criminal liability for the commission of which does not occur. Based on the analysis, the authors point to a number of inaccuracies in the approach to criminalization and punishability, preparing for crimes of action and note the possible reasons for their presence. The result of the analysis is the formulation of the author's approach to the regulation of preparatory actions in criminal legislation, indicating its advantages compared to the current one.
The XXI century is rightfully referred to as “the century of endless technological possibilities and ultimate human aspirations” on discussion platforms of various levels, devoted to the issues of certain scientific fields. Scientific forums, conferences, meetings, round tables, researchers at regional, state, world levels present to the attention of the target audience new technologies in materials science, construction, transport, energy, development of software programs in the field of other doctrinal branches, as well as theoretical and practical models of artificial intelligence, capable of solving certain problems facing the world community, individual states, society. Unfortunately, or fortunately, information technologies have also affected the branches of Russian legal system. This article is devoted to the study of issues of potentialities of introducing various mathematical algorithms and computer programs into the current justice system of Russian Federation, by means of which the types of punishment in specific criminal cases, as well as their deadlines or sizes, would be determined. This problem was the subject of discussion at a meeting of the St. Petersburg International Criminological Club on February 15, 2019 on the topic: “Crime and the problem of adequate punishment.” Based on the analysis of judgments expressed in modern criminal law science, a theoretical substantiation of inadmissibility of the use of impersonal digital and other means to determine the form of criminal sentencing, including terms or sizes of punishment for the crime committed, is formulated.
The subject. The article is devoted to the problems of simultaneous harmonization between the policy of humanization of the Russian criminal law and the reduction of the crime rate in society. The institute of incomplete crime is proposed as one of the promising areas of humanization of criminal legislation. The authors analyze the norms of the Russian Criminal Code which determine the essence of an incomplete crime, as well as the specifics of imposing punishment for its commission. The subject of the research also includes the strategic provisions of the Russian legislation, which reflect the main directions of the implementation of contemporary criminal policy, its goal and objectives. The purpose of the article is to confirm or dispute hypothesis that it is inadmissible to criminalize the actions committed at the stage of preparation for the commission of an intentional crime, as well as it is admissible to mitigate the liability for attempted crime. Research methodology and techniques are represented by a number of general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition, used primarily in humanitarian research. The establishment of regularities between the growth of crime rates and the degree of criminalization, determined in the current criminal legislation, is ensured by the use of the dialectical method of cognition. The methods of analysis and synthesis were used to compare statistical data on the state of crime in Russia and the dynamics of the number of convicts serving imprisonment. Various methods of formal logic were applied in the process of evaluating measures aimed at ensuring the humanization of modern Russian criminal legislation. The method of comparative legal research was used to study the content of the norms on responsibility for an incomplete crime. The result of the study is proof of the necessity to decriminalize actions that are currently defined as "preparation for the commission of a grave or especially grave crime." The necessity of a significant reduction in the degree of punitive criminal-legal impact on persons found guilty of an attempt to commit an intentional crime has been substantiated. Conclusions. It as expedient to partially decriminalize an incomplete crime and exclude this institution from the General Part of the Russian Criminal Code. This decision fully complies with the fundamental principles of criminal law: legality, guilt, justice, and will also ensure the effectiveness of the implementation of the modern policy of humanizing Russian criminal legislation.
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