Presynaptic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway are intact in Mn-induced parkinsonism after prolonged abstinence from ephedrone. The diagnosis is principally based on clinical signs and the history of drug abuse.
Purpose: To determine whether there are differences in increase in longitudinal relaxation rate (⌬R1) in the myocardium between bolus administration of Mn 2ϩ ions during rest and during dobutamine-induced stress and, additionally, to determine whether there are differences in ⌬R1 between bolus injection and infusion of Mn 2ϩ ions during dobutamine-induced stress.
Materials and Methods:Pigs were divided into three groups with six pigs in each group. All animals received 15 mol MnCl 2 /kg of body weight (b.w.) intravenously either as a bolus injection (groups 1 and 2) or as an infusion over one minute (group 3). The animals in groups 2 and 3 were subjected to dobutamine stress before injection of MnCl 2 , while those in group 1 were not given dobutamine. T1 was quantified in the myocardium and left ventricular blood pool before contrast injection and repeatedly during a one-hour postinjection period.Results: A significant difference in ⌬R1 between the groups with and the group without dobutamine stress was noted in the myocardium up to 45 minutes after contrast agent injection. No such significant difference was found between pigs that received the contrast agent as a bolus injection compared to infusion.
Conclusion:Dobutamine stress increases uptake of manganese ions in the myocardium. This increase was independent of whether the contrast agent was administered as a bolus injection or as an infusion.
Purpose: To examine the changes in the longitudinal relaxation times (⌬R1) induced in pig myocardium and blood following injections of 5, 10, and 15 mol mangafodipir trisodium (Mn-DPDP) or MnCl 2 /kg of body weight (b.w.).
Materials and Methods:Twelve pigs were divided into two groups, one group receiving MnCl 2 and the other receiving Mn-DPDP. Three consecutive doses of contrast agent (5, 10, and 15 mol/kg of b.w.) were injected in each animal with a 40-minute time interval between each dose. Measurements of T 1 in blood and myocardium were made 5, 15, 25, and 35 minutes after each injection. Additionally, relaxivity measurements in blood samples were performed.Results: An increase in myocardial R1 was observed for both contrast agents at all concentration levels tested. This increase peaked 5 minutes after injection and then declined. An increase could still be detected 35 minutes after injection. The effect was larger when using MnCl 2 than when using Mn-DPDP.
Conclusion:The dissociation kinetics of Mn 2ϩ from the DPDP ligand limits the relaxation increase of Mn-DPDP relative to that of MnCl 2. On the other hand, the toxicity of MnCl 2 may exclude it from clinical use.
Patients admitted to hospital because of near-drownings were followed-up 2–7 years after the admissions. The material comprises 36 children and 15 adults, which is the total number of patients cared for because of accidental near-drownings within the Uppsala Hospital Region 1964–1968. The region contains one-sixth of Sweden's population. Hospital records were examined and parents of the children were interviewed by telephone. Two seriously disabled cases were found. The annual figure for severely and permanently disabled children, injured by near-drownings, is estimated at 2 or 3 for all Sweden. The corresponding point prevalence is estimated to be anything between 50 and 120 patients; this too concerns patients disabled as children. The incidence of children with non-fatal of permanent organic brain injuries due to accidental near-drowning is small compared with the corresponding mortality. Maybe the small probability of being saved within the short time required for this final result is a suitable explanation.
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