Aims and objective: To compare surgically induced astigmatism(SIA) in L-shaped vs straight incision in manual small incision cataract surgery(SICS). Material method: 60 patients aged 35 years and above with uncomplicated cataract with nuclear sclerosis of any grade were included in the study who were divided into 2 groups randomly. 30 patients underwent SICS with straight scleral incision and 30 with L-shaped incision. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 15.0 statistical analysis and calculations were performed using SIA calculator version 2.1. Results: The SIA (surgically induced astigmatism) was 1.14 ± 0.44D, 0.81 ± 0.40D, 0.61 ± 0.33 D on 1st post-operative day, 4 weeks and 6 weeks respectively in straight incision group and the SIA was 0.79 ± 0.36D, 0.33 ± 0.31D, 0.15 ± 0.18D on 1st post-operative day, 4 weeks and 6 weeks respectively in L-shaped incision group. Conclusion: L-shaped incision technique induces less amount of SIA as compared to straight incision and the difference is statistically significant. Also, L-shaped incision maintains better anterior chamber stability and leads to early visual rehabilitation. In poor and developing countries where still majority of cases are being operated by manual SICS, achieving emmetropia or minimal refractive errors should be the goal.
Background: Eyelid and conjunctival tumors are the most common tumors that are encountered by an ophthalmologist. There are innumerable benign and malignant tumors of eyelids and conjunctiva owing to their histological structure. Proper diagnosis both clinically and on histopathological examination helps in appropriate management in cases of both benign and malignant lesions. The purpose of this study was to assess the demographic prole and frequency of eyelid and conjunctival tumors in patients presenting in our OPD. Materials And Methods: A total of 78 patients attending our Eye OPD presenting with eyelid or conjunctival tumors were admitted in hospital and underwent surgical management or excision biopsy and specimens were sent for histopathological examination. The purpose was to study the demographic prole and frequency of benign and malignant eyelid and conjunctival tumors in patients presenting in our hospital. Results: Out of 78 patients, 42(53.84%) were cases of eyelid tumors and 36(46.15%) were of conjunctival growths. Mean age of presentation in cases of eyelid tumors was 54(range 3-75) years and conjunctival tumors was 40(range 8-68) years. Benign lesions were more common than malignant in both eyelids and conjunctiva. Females were affected more than males. Conclusion: In our study, we observed that most frequently observed eyelid and conjunctival growths were benign. Mostly growths were seen in females and study population was largely from rural areas who had cosmetic issues or visual disturbances as main complaints.
Background- Many patients suffered from covid-19 and the infection varied in presentation from mild to life threatening complications. Many of them also presented with delayed manifestations after recovery. Among such cases, many patients presented with ophthalmic and ENT (ear, nose and throat) ndings which are important for treating physician as it can have long term implications on the population. Aim - To evaluate ophthalmic and ENT manifestations in patients after recovery from Covid-19. Material and Method- The study included 106 patients who presented in Eye and ENT out-patient department after recovering from covid-19 but now presenting with ophthalmic and ENT ndings that were not present earlier. Data was analyzed and interpreted as number, percentages and mean. Conclusion- even after recovering from covid-19 infection, many patients reported different ophthalmic and ENT manifestations which may or may not be related to Covid -19 but were developed in patients after acquiring Covid infection. Denite association of Covid with such late manifestations needs even larger number of people.
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has emerged as a significant cause of ocular morbidity. The toxic effects of hyperglycaemia spare no cell in the body and cornea, has also revealed certain changes in diabetic patients. Higher phacoemulsification time and power effect corneal endothelial cells. This can inflict an additional stress on the altered diabetic corneal endothelium. Aim: To compare the Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) thickness and endothelial Cell Density (CD) and morphology in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients undergoing phacoemulsification with age-matched non diabetic controls undergoing phacoemulsification. Materials and Methods: A prospective, hospital-based, interventional study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The duration of the study was nine months, from April 2021 to December 2021. The study included 50 patients with T2DM and 50 non diabetic controls. All patients underwent phacoemulsification performed by a single surgeon. The CCT and endothelial cell parameters were measured preoperatively and postoperatively at one week, six weeks and three months using Topcon specular microscope. Postoperative changes in the corneal endothelial cells were compared between the two groups for a period of three months. Statistical analysis was done by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 (IBM Corp. Released 2017. Armonk, NY, USA). Categorical variables were analysed using Chi-square test and the groups were compared using Student’s t-test. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 63.22±7.52 years in diabetic group and 64.52±7.29 years in non diabetic group. Diabetic patients showed significantly greater corneal thickness than non diabetic controls (p=0.034). This pattern was observed till the last follow-up at three months. The endothelial cell parameters were comparable between diabetic and non diabetic patients. There was a fall in endothelial cell count in all patients postoperatively, but it was significantly higher in the diabetic patients at three months (p=0.048). Postoperatively, Co-efficient of Variation (CV) was significantly higher in diabetic patients (p=0.001) accompanied by a decreased hexagonality (p=0.039) at the end of three months. Conclusion: A diabetic cornea is different than a non diabetic cornea at the cellular level. Diabetics show accelerated corneal endothelial cell loss and greater variation in cell morphology in response to surgical stress. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for endothelial cell loss in patients undergoing cataract surgery.
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