In Brazil, the resolutions nº 307/2002 and nº 448/2012 of the National Environmental Council (CONAMA) define that the construction and demolition (C&D) class A -reusable or recyclable wastes as aggregates, such as ceramic components, grout and concrete -, if not reused or recycled as aggregates, should be going to C&D wastes landfill. These wastes must be disposed in the soil for the reservation of segregated materials for future use or future use of the area. However, these landfills receive small quantities of wastes from other sources and non-inert wastes. This fact can be aggravated because the C&D wastes are disposed in these unlined landfills and without drains of leachate. In this context, the C&D wastes leachate may migrate to water supplies causing risks to both human health and the environment. In an attempt to contribute to this area of knowledge, this project aims to investigate the pollution potential of leachate of construction and demolition wastes landfills in lysimeters. A survey will be conducted in two stages -simulation of leachate samples of C&D wastes lysimeters (saturated and unsaturated), and study of the C&D wastes landfill of the city through the collection of groundwater. Results of the research classified, for metals, the samples of aggregates of C&D wastes class A -such as ceramic components (bricks, blocks), grout and concrete -as non-hazardous and non-inert. The pollution of leachate of C&D wastes landfills was observed. The presence of these contaminants could affect the use of this water for human consumption. The parameters that exceeded the maximum value for human consumption were: sulfate (950 mg/L), hardness (11,280 mg/L), color (124 uH), Pb (0.36 mg/L), Cd (0.075 mg/L) , Ni (0.088 mg/L), Fe (0.658 mg/L), Ba (1,205 mg/L) Cr (0.125 mg/L) Mn (0,297 mg/L), and Al (3.44 mg/L ).The research identified requirements for improvement projects, execution and control of C&D wastes landfills to minimize future potential adverse impacts generated by these residues in water resources.
Construction and demolition waste generally represents the majority of solid waste generated in Brazilian cities, and characterization of this waste stream is still incipient. Therefore, to support managers in the process in the diagnostic phase, this study consisted in a proposal qualitative characterization method in field, that use of construction and demolition (C&D) waste generation indicators. For this, a survey which have been divided in two stages: quantitative characterization based on a three-indicator-analysis of C&D waste generation and qualitative characterization consists of an image analysis procedure on C&D waste samples. The qualitative characterization method has proved to be efficient for samples with high-volume parts. However, this method is limited to represent characterizations that contain residues which might cover the other C&D waste types, for example, plastic sheeting, cardboard and packaging. This method of image analysis is suitable for use in early diagnostics, which require fast results about C&D waste composition.
A geração de resíduos da construção civil (RCC) atrelada à ausência ou ineficiência do planejamento da gestão de RCC em canteiro de obras pode acarretar em problemas de organização e segurança do trabalho. Nesse contexto, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi apresentar procedimentos para dimensionamento de recipientes e equipamentos voltados ao armazenamento e transporte de RCC em canteiros de obras. Para isso, foram propostas soluções de manejo desses resíduos em um estudo de caso de edificação residencial de múltiplos pavimentos por meio dos cálculos de número de recipientes necessários e suas frequências de esvaziamento, além da realização de estimativa de custos do uso de recipientes de armazenamento. Resultados apontaram a necessidade por pavimento de 2 bags, 3 bombonas e 1 tambor para a macroetapa de estrutura e vedação, e 2 bags, 1 bombona e 1 tambor para a macroetapa de acabamento. O custo total estimado desses dispositivos para todos os pavimentos representou 0,07% do custo total do empreendimento. Conclui-se que as construtoras devem utilizar indicadores de geração por macroetapa de obra associados ao conhecimento das opções de dispositivos de acondicionamento e transporte, a fim de otimizar por meio de dimensionamento as quantidades, capacidades e frequências de coleta dos recipientes coletores.
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