Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate lumbar intervertebral disc heights and concavity index of the lumbar spine, and the influence of age, gender, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) on these parameters.
Methods:The study was conducted on 150 health young subjects (age 18 to 27) without any disorder which affects the lumbar spine and the discs. Subjects underwent standard standing lateral lumbar radiography. Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's correlation test were used for statistical analysis.Results: Of the 150 subjects (age range, 18-27 years), 80 (53.3%) were women and 70 (46.7%) were men. Men presented higher lumbar disc values than women. In both genders, disc height increased from T12-L1 to L4-L5, and then decreased at L5-S1. The heights of all lumbar discs increased with age, weight, height and BMI in both genders. Women demonstrated a higher concavity index at L2, L3 and L4 vertebrae compared to men, whereas men showed a higher concavity index value at L5 vertebra. The concavity index of T12, L1, L2, L3 and L4 vertebrae decreased with age.
Conclusion:Our results will serve as guidelines and references for further studies, radiologists and spinal surgeons.
Background
We aimed to compare biomechanical outcomes of short-length (75%-length) and full-length (100%-length) unicortical distal screws under axial and torsional compression in cadaveric distal radius volar plate model.
Methods
A total of 20 wrists from 10 fresh frozen cadavers were included. 2.5 mm titanium alloy distal radius anatomical plates was placed to the distal radii in full anatomical position, just proximal to the watershed line. Three bicortical screws to the shaft of the radius, followed by unicortical drilling for distal screwing were placed. Measurement by pulling the drill once it reached the opposite cortex was applied. We selected the screw lengths such that they corresponded to the 75% of the measured length (short-length). In the same configuration for each of the cadavers, we delivered six screws from distal radius holes of the anatomical plate. oscillating handsaw was used to create extraarticular distal radius fracture model (AO 23-A3.2). We created dorsal AP model by performing a 1-cm wedge osteotomy from dorsal aspect. Complete separation of the volar cortex was achieved. Potting was performed by embedding the shaft of the prepared radius into the polyurethane medium. We placed aluminum apparatus into the distal end to ensure applying of torsional and axial loading in biomechanistic tests.
Results
No statistically significant difference of stiffness between the short-length and full-length distal screws both under axial compression(p = 0.88) and torsional compression (p = 0.82). Short-length and full-length distal screw groups did not differ in elastic limit under axial compression (p = 0.71) and torsional compression (p = 0.71). Maximal force on short-length and full-length distal screw groups were also similar under both axial compression (p = 0.71) and torsional compression (p = 0.50).
Conclusion
It is a safe method under torsional load to avoid drilling of the dorsal cortex and unicortical delivery of 75%-length distal screws could be performed in order to prevent from extensor tendon complications secondary to drilling or screw protrusion.
In this study we reported the early clinical and functional results of 40 patients admitted to our hospital for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (20 with autogenous hamstring tendon graft and 20 with peroneus longus allograft)retrospectively between august 2012 and september 2014. All patients in the autograft group were male and only three patients in the allograft group were female. The mean age in the autograft group was 29,60±4,55 and 34,25±6,73 in the allograft group. The mean time period before the surgery was 10,35(1-84) months and the mean postoperative follow up time was 33,8(12-46) months. Only 2 patients in the autograft group and 4 patients in the allograft group were injured by direct trauma. We noted the patients' occupation, activity level and sport activities. Joint effusion, pain and restriction in the joint motion were documented. Patients were evaluated with Lachman, anterior drawer and pivot shift tests at the last follow up examination. The joint instability was tested with KT 1000 and the muscle contractions were tested with Cybex devices. Modified Cincinnati, Lysholm and IKDC activity scale were used to evaluate the activity level of patients. There were no difference neither clinically, nor functionally between two groups at the last follow up (p>0,05).Taken into consideration the risks and advantages of autogenous hamstring graft and allograft use we conclude that the peroneus longus allograft is a reasonable option for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
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