Aims
We investigated the role of TG to HDL ratio (TG/HDL) on atherosclerosis extension, defined as presence of coronary artery calcium (CAC), carotid and femoral plaque, in prediabetes or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods
We performed a retrospective, cross‐sectional, single centre study involving 440 prediabetes or newly diagnosed controlled T2D subjects. Participants underwent CAC analysis by computed tomography and carotid and femoral plaque evaluation by ultrasonography and were stratified in high TG/HDL (H‐TG/HDL) or low TG/HDL (L‐TG/HDL) group according to TG/HDL median value. We estimated atherosclerosis extension according to the number of involved vascular districts.
Results
CAC was higher in the H‐TG/HDL group than L‐TG/HDL group (29.15 [0.0‐95.68] vs 0.0 [0.0‐53.97] AU, P < .01) and CAC > 0 was more prevalent in the H‐TG/HDL group than L‐TG/HDL group (64.5% vs 45%, P < .001). Femoral atherosclerosis was higher in the H‐TG/HDL group than L‐TG/HDL group (57.3% vs 43.6%, P < .01). H‐TG/HDL group exhibited a lower prevalence of subjects with 0‐TWP compared to L‐TG/HDL group (21.8% vs 38.6%, P < .01) and higher percentages of subjects with 2‐TWP or 3‐TWP than L‐TG/HDL group (for 2‐TWP 29.5% vs 21.5%, P < .05; for 3‐TWP 32.7% vs 20.9%, P < .01). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a H‐TG/HDL was inversely associated to 0‐TWP (P < .05) and positively associated with 2‐TWP (P < .05) and 3‐TWP (P < .01).
Conclusions
Our data suggest that TG/HDL is a marker of increased atherosclerotic extension in prediabetes and newly diagnosed T2D and may be useful to identify subjects with a higher cardiovascular risk profile.
We investigated the correlation of the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) with markers of cardiovascular disease in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 1 h postload glucose ≥155 mg/dL after an oral glucose tolerance test. We stratified 282 subjects without a previous diagnosis of diabetes into three groups: 123 controls (NGT and 1 h postload glycemia <155 mg/dL), 84 NGT and 1 h postload glycemia ≥155 mg/dL (NGT 1 h high), and 75 subjects with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IFG/IGT). NGT 1 h high subjects exhibited lower esRAGE (0.36 ± 0.18 vs. 0.4 5 ± 0.2, p < 0.05) and higher S100A12 levels than controls (5684 (3193.2–8295.6) vs. 3960.1 (2101.8–7419), p < 0.05). Furthermore, they showed an increased pulse wave velocity (PWV) and intima–media thickness (IMT). No differences were found between the NGT 1 h high group and the IFG/IGT group regarding cardiometabolic profiles. After multiple regression analyses, esRAGE was associated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Age, HbA1c, and esRAGE were the determinants of IMT, whereas S100A12 and systolic pressure were the determinants of PWV. The NGT 1 h high group exhibited low esRAGE levels and an altered cardiometabolic profile. HbA1c, S100A12, and hs-CRP were associated with these alterations. In conclusion, subjects with NGT are not a homogeneous population, and they present different cardiovascular and glycometabolic risks.
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