The goal of this paper is to propose an experimental method allowing the identification of the complete elastic tensor of anisotropic biological materials such as wood using only one sample. To do so, two complementary methods are used. First, the wood eigen-directions are defined from a sample of spherical shape that is then cut into a cube in a way to perform resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS). The method is successfully applied on a reference beech sample with known orthotropic directions. A comparison of the identified elastic constants with those from the literature and some inferred from ultrasonic transmission measurements is given.
The main principle of Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS) measurement method is to excite a sample and to deduce its elastic constants from its free mechanical resonant frequencies. The goal of this paper is to propose an applica-tion of RUS in the case of wood cubic samples by: (1) using frequencies and mode shapes (or vibration patterns) of the free resonant modes in an iterative numerical procedure to solve the inverse problem for identifying components of the stiffness tensor of the sample's material, (2) finding the limits and optimizing the robustness of the identification procedure in the case of wood and (3) applying it to a large density range of wood samples. Specific continuous waves have been used as excita-tion signal in order to experimentally determine the free resonant frequencies and mode shapes of the sample in a faster way by means of Scanning Doppler Vibrom-eter measurements. Afterward, the stiffness tensor was derived by solving iteratively an inverse problem. The gain of using the mode shapes in the inverse identification procedure is demonstrated to be particularly necessary for wood, especially for pair-ing each measured frequency with its corresponding theoretically predicted one, as viscoelastic damping causes the resonant peaks to overlap and/or disappear. A sen-sitivity analysis of each elastic constant on the measured resonant frequencies has thus been performed. It shows that, in its current state of development, not all of the
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