Persons processed into and through jail facilities in the United States may be particularly vulnerable during an influenza pandemic. Among other concerns, public health and corrections officials need to consider flow issues, the high turnover and transitions between jails and the community, and the decentralized organization of jails. In this article, we examine some of the unique challenges jail facilities may face during an influenza pandemic and discuss issues that should be addressed to reduce the spread of illness and lessen the impact of an influenza pandemic on the jail population and their surrounding communities.
The promulgation of sexual violence policies can be viewed from both criminal justice and public health perspectives. The public health model focuses on prevention through health promotion in contrast to a criminal justice analysis based primarily on deterrence. Because each perspective has a unique focus, policies may have different implications and outcomes. This study subjects campus sexual violence policies to analysis from public health and criminal justice perspectives. Campus sexual violence policies were obtained from a sample of 100 United States colleges and universities in 1998. A descriptive analysis of the types of sexual violence prevention programs and dissemination of knowledge about the policies is presented. Data on actual policies collected were analyzed employing content analytic techniques. Overall, deterrence-based prevention efforts were the most common element, followed by risk- or opportunity-reduction approaches. Implications for campus sexual violence prevention efforts of merging the public health and criminal justice approaches are discussed.
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