Results may indicate supporting evidence of a relationship between energy inefficient housing and winter respiratory disease among older people, with public health implications for increasing health-driven energy efficiency housing interventions.
The univariate and multivariate logistic regression model is discussed where response variables are subject to randomized response (RR). RR is an interview technique that can be used when sensitive questions have to be asked and respondents are reluctant to answer directly. RR variables may be described as misclassified categorical variables where conditional misclassification probabilities are known. The univariate model is revisited and is presented as a generalized linear model. Standard software can be easily adjusted to take into account the RR design. The multivariate model does not appear to have been considered elsewhere in an RR setting; it is shown how a Fisher scoring algorithm can be used to take the RR aspect into account. The approach is illustrated by analyzing RR data taken from a study in regulatory non-compliance regarding unemployment benefit.
This paper illustrates the power of modern statistical modelling in understanding processes characterised by data that are skewed and have heavy tails. Our particular substantive problem concerns film box-office revenues. We are able to show that traditional modelling techniques based on the Pareto-Levy-Mandelbrot distribution led to what is actually a poorly supported conclusion that these data have infinite variance. This in turn led to the dominant paradigm of the movie business that 'nobody knows anything' and hence that box-office revenues cannot be predicted. Using the Box-Cox power exponential distribution within the generalized additive models for location, scale and shape framework, we are able to model box-office revenues and develop probabilistic statements about revenues.
THIS PAPER EXAMINES patterns in the placement of apotropaic objects and materials in high-to late-medieval burials in Britain (11th to 15th centuries). It develops an interdisciplinary classification to identify: (1) healing charms and protective amulets; (2) objects perceived to have occult natural power; (3) 'antique' items that were treated as possessing occult power; and (4) rare practices that may have been associated with the demonic magic of divination or sorcery. Making comparisons with amulets deposited in conversion-period graves of the 7th to 9th centuries it is argued that the placement of amulets with the dead was strategic to Christian belief, intended to transform or protect the corpse. The conclusion is that material traces of magic in later medieval graves have a connection to folk magic, performed by women in the care of their families, and drawing on knowledge of earlier traditions. This popular magic was integrated with Christian concerns and tolerated by local clergy, and was perhaps meant to heal or reconstitute the corpse, to ensure its reanimation on judgement day, and to protect the vulnerable dead on their journey through purgatory.
Women's issues are deservedly a growing concern in archaeology, with concerns that run from the power (im)balance between the sexes in the present practice of archaeology to the technical question of how gender-relations are, or are not, recoverable from archaeological context. The several aspects that lie within the phrase 'women's archaeology' are explored.
IntroductionArchaeology has not been eager to address the issues, or indeed the existence, of women's archaeology. An avoidance assisted by cultivated misconceptions as to what 'women's archaeology' might constitute, whether women's support groups rallying in excavation trenches or the nice irony of women-only fora on sexual discrimination. By such means do those who mistrust, or misunderstand, political feminism, dismiss the value of this (so-called) 'women's archaeology'. But what is women's archaeology? Indeed, does it, or should it, exist? Archaeology was slow to respond to the two decades of lobbying and research which mark the emergence of women's studies. Moreover, now that this debate has finally been engaged, its effectiveness has been compromised by a confusion of issues, particularly those surrounding the place of equity issues in archaeological theory and practice. The last decade has seen the kindling of archaeological debate surrounding women, feminism and gender. Progressand publication -has been hindered by the conflation of, and frequent confusion between, issues which are actually separate. And since much of the discussion has taken place at unpublished conferences, the recognition of a
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