Despite the ubiquity of the concept of sustainability, defining the term and construing meaning for different contexts is difficult. This paper presents several archetypes of sustainability that are useful for classifying and understanding existing definitions. Definitions that emphasize one part or another of the core concept of sustainability will be necessary at varying scales and in different contexts. This paper presents a conceptual guide that contrasts a dominant paradigm of economic growth and development with 'thick' and 'thin' versions of sustainability. Definitions of sustainability are explored in terms of their orientation to the ontology of nature, substitutability of resources, economic growth, population growth, role of technology, and social equity.

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This study examined whether unlicensed and licensed cannabis retailers in California are disproportionately located in neighborhoods with minority populations or populations living below the Federal Poverty Level. We mapped the locations of licensed and unlicensed cannabis retailers in California in October 2018, combining advertisements from cannabis websites with licensing data. Demographic characteristics of neighborhoods with and without licensed and/or unlicensed cannabis retailers were compared. We identified 1110 cannabis retailers in California (448 licensed and 662 unlicensed). Relative to neighborhoods without retailers, neighborhoods with retailers had higher proportions of Hispanics, African Americans, and residents living below the poverty level. Compared with neighborhoods with only licensed retailers, neighborhoods with only unlicensed retailers had higher proportions of Hispanics and African Americans, and lower proportions of non-Hispanic whites. Neighborhoods with both licensed and unlicensed retailers had higher proportions of African Americans, Asian Americans, and people living in poverty, relative to neighborhoods with only licensed retailers. Unlicensed retailers were disproportionately located in unincorporated areas and jurisdictions that allow cannabis retailers. Minority populations in California are disproportionately exposed to unlicensed cannabis retailers, potentially exacerbating health disparities by selling unregulated products or selling to minors.