A microlens fabrication process is described which can be used in applications requiring integration of optical elements (lenses) and microcircuits. The process is fully compatible with 1C fabrication technology and uses commercially available 1C processing materials. The obtained microlenses are of excellent quality and basically show diffraction-limited resolution with ~1-microm spot size. Extensions of the process to production of nonspherical lenses and use of alternative material packages are also discussed.
Abstract— The Gyricon display consists of hemispherical black and white (bichromal) balls contained in individual liquid‐filled cavities and disposed to orient in an electrical field. This bistable reflective light display currently has a diffuse reflectance of more than 18% and a contrast ratio of more than 6:1. The viewing angle approaches that of paper. A new method of fabricating the bichromal balls has enabled practical realization of large‐area high‐quality displays.
This paper discusses the characteristics of inclusions resulting from various consolidation techniques and their effects on the fatigue properties of a ,typical high-strength PM superalloy, Rene' 95. The nature, origin, 'and size range of defects found in HIP, HIP t isothermally forged, extruded t isothermally forged material are described and th'eir influence on LCF behavior analyzed. Thermomechanical processing improves the LCF life considerably. The improvement is attributed to the dispersion of large defects. The LCF life of forged material is also benefited by a greater tendency toward internal fatigue initiation at crystallographic origins or initiated at smaller defects. The effects of heat treatment on the mechanical properties and microstructural features of extruded t isothermally forged materials are also investigated.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.