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With the rise of globalization and technological competition, the food supply chain has grown more complex due to the multiple players and factors involved in the chain. Traditional systems fail to offer effective and reliable traceability solutions considering the increasing requirement for accountability and transparency in the food supply chain. Blockchain technology has been claimed to offer the food industry a transformative future. The inherent features of blockchain, including immutability and transparency, create a dependable and secure system for tracking food products across the whole supply chain, ensuring total control over their traceability from the origin to the final consumer. This research offers a comprehensive overview of multiple models to understand how the integration of blockchain and other digital technologies has transformed the food supply chain. This comprehensive systematic review of blockchain-based food-supply-chain frameworks aimed to uncover the capability of blockchain technology to revolutionize the industry and examined the current landscape of blockchain-based food traceability solutions to identify areas for improvement. Furthermore, the research investigates recent advancements and investigates how blockchain aligns with other emerging technologies of Industry 4.0 and Web 3.0. Blockchain technology plays an important role in improving food traceability and supply-chain operations. Potential synergies between blockchain and other emerging technologies of Industry 4.0 and Web 3.0 are digitizing food supply chains, which results in better management, automation, efficiencies, sustainability, verifiability, auditability, accountability, traceability, transparency, tracking, monitoring, response times and provenance across food supply chains.

Small and Medium Enterprises play a significant role in economic well-being of a society, but unfortunately there is lack of proper structure and system for application of performance measurement in most of the SMEs. Hence, an inconsistency amongst the performance measures can be observed. The following paper focuses upon distinctive nature of small and medium business organizations (SMEs) and proposes a framework for effective performance measurement with respect to (SMEs). This research aims to provide such a framework for performance measurement that can ensure a balance between internal and external performance measures by introducing the concept of inclusive optimal performance (IOP) as a resultant of inclusive working between internal simultaneous performance (ISP) and external simultaneous performance (ESP). The need for inclusive strategic approach to internal and external performance factors has arrived primarily because of one sided competitiveness is produced due to exclusive strategic approach to inclusive and external performance factors of organization. In order to explore the legitimacy of the depicted argument the following research is based on concept review methodology of literature review through which this research assess the extensive literature with respect to performance measurement systems within SMEs. Through the integration of the psychology-oriented constructs of the internal and external locus of control theory, this research stem the inclusive nature and working of internal and external factors of performance analogy as a basis of the proposed framework that can be applied to ensure effective performance measurement at SMEs.

Sustainability in textile and apparel is an ideal that requires organizational effort starting from eco-design, encompassing manufacturing, distribution, and consumption. However, in the circular economy, the idea further goes to reuse the raw material. Sustainability is still an evolving subject in apparel and textile, which needs to investigate from many angles. Excess inventory at the supplier's end also impacts sustainability and needs due attention from researchers and practitioners to ponder. Applying the correct forecast technique and minimum errors results in better financial performance and reduced environmental pollution, impacting the triple bottom line in the true sense. The current study uses a systematic review on textile and apparel forecasting, highlighting the earlier research, thus contributing to the literature on sustainability and supply chain management.