A sensory structure in the anterior region of the food canal of two species of aphid has been examined by light and electron microscopy. The dorsal wall is innervated by a total of 60 neurones which terminate, in groups, at 14 porous papillae on the cuticle. Paired papillae have also been detected in the ventral wall of this region. The fine structure of individual neuroncs and their grouping around papillae indicates a chemosensory function.The examination of moulting aphids shows that the distal portions of dendrites are shed with the exuviae.
Short peg receptors located at the distal tip of the aphid labium have the structure of mechanoreceptors. Each peg is innervated by a single sensory nerve which is anchored eccentrically to a basal cuticular tube and terminates in electron-dense material in the base of the peg. The arrangement and eccentric insertion of the eight pegs in the labial wall on one side of the stylet groove, with the eccentric insertions of their innervating neurones, provide a mirror image of the receptors on the opposite side. On the basis of a comparison of the structure of these receptors with that of tactile receptors for which electrophysiological data on sensitivity are available, it is possible to predict that the receptors detect both surface contact (pressure) and surface profile; and that the bilateral symmetry in the receptor arrangement facilitates the detection of vein contours which are preferred settling sites on the leaf. The structure of the dendritic terminal and its insertion is that of a well reinforced cytoskeleton designed to transmit tension to the cell membrane, in agreement with the concept that transduction is a membrane related phenomenon. The distal microtubules, fifty per-cent of which originate as well as terminate in the "tubular body", are packed in electron-dense material which binds to the cell membrane. The membrane in turn is attached to cuticular components of the receptor. Abrupt changes in dimension of the dendritic outer segment may be designed to modulate the conduction of a membrane potential. On the other hand, lack of continuity in the microtubules makes these organelles poor candidates for the transduction of excitation from a distal site of stimulation to a proximal region.
Third‐instar larvae of Sericesthis geminata Boisd. accumulated in response to organic matter in soil, or manure added to soil, and showed a special preference for roots of growing Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass). The presence of plants decreased the amount of larval movement in soil. The ratio of organic matter to inorganic matter in larval mid‐gut contents was much greater than that in soil in which larvae had been kept; the larvae therefore fed selectively on organic matter. Little or no ingestion took place in sand without organic matter. Cattle manure added to soil or L. perenne plants growing in soil considerably increased the amount of feeding. Zusammenfassung BEWEGUNGS‐ UND FRASSAKTIVITÄT DER LARVEN DES SCARABAEIDEN SERICESTHIS GEMINATA (COLEOPTERA) Einige Reaktionen von Larven des 3. Stadiums von Sericesthis geminata auf organische Bodenbestandteile wurden untersucht. Folgende Auswahl wurde den Larven angeboten: Erde, Erde mit Zusatz organischer Stoffe (Dünger) und Erde mit lebenden bzw. abgeschnittenen Wurzeln von Lolium perenne. Die Larven reagierten auf jede Art organischer Materie, zeigten aber eine besondere Vorliebe für lebende Wurzeln, und es wurde festgestellt, daß die Gegenwart von Wurzeln im Boden die Ortsveränderung der Larven verringerte. Es wurden Untersuchungen über die Nahrungsaufnahme‐ und Defäkationsrate sowie über das Volumen und die Verteilung der Stoffe im Verdauungssystem in verschiedenen Böden und in gewaschenem Sand gemacht. Sie zeigten, daß gewaschener Sand ohne Zusatz organischer Stoffe wenig oder gar nicht gefressen wird und daß die Zugabe von Dünger oder L. perenne‐Wurzeln die Nahrungsaufnahmerate erheblich erhöht.
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