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In this paper, we investigate the dynamic linkages between prices on the oil spot, oil futures, and energy stock markets in Dubai between June 29, 2010 and November 02, 2018. We apply a class of multivariate GARCH model to analyze this relationship. We also consider the corresponding markets in the United States, and in order to examine the volatility transmission among the three markets, we use the HAR model. Our empirical results reveal that the correlations between the three markets in Dubai are lower than in the US. We observe high levels of correlations before crises, but this was not the case during the crises themselves. Furthermore, we demonstrate the existence of volatility transmission between the oil spot and futures markets and the oil spot and energy stocks markets, while there is only a unidirectional effect from the energy stock market to the oil futures market. Overall, our findings are crucial for understanding the dynamics that exist between the three markets.

This paper examines the market efficiency of Saudi Arabia stock exchange market namely Tadawul All Share Index, TASI, for the period from 1998 to 2020. To test the efficiency of stock market, we analyze the dependence structure of stock market index returns and volatility. The results demonstrate that Saudi stock market shows long memory. The long memory process of Saudi Stock Market offers evidence against efficient market hypothesis (EMH). The ARFIMA model supports the presence of long-run dependence in the historical volatility of the Saudi stock market, giving further support against the EMH.