Authors' Contribution NM conceived and designed the study. NM and TM analysed the data and wrote the manuscript. PR improved the manuscript through valuable discussion and constructive comments. AA and SM participated in the fieldwork.
Due to its aggressive nature and low survival rate, esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest cancer. While the intestinal microbiome significantly influences human health and disease. This research aimed to investigate and characterize the relative abundance of intestinal bacterial composition in esophageal cancer patients. The fecal samples were collected from esophageal cancer patients (n = 15) and healthy volunteers (n = 10). The PCR-DGGE was carried out by focusing on the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and qPCR was performed for Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium leptum and Lactobacillus. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene targeting the V3+V4 region was performed on 20 randomly selected samples. PCR-DGGE and High-throughput diversity results showed a significant alteration of gut bacterial composition between the experimental and control groups, which indicates the gut microbial dysbiosis in esophageal cancer patients. At the phylum level, there was significant enrichment of Bacteroidetes, while a non-significant decrease of Firmicutes in the experimental group. At family statistics, a significantly higher level of Bacteroidaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, while a significantly lower abundance of Prevotellaceae and Veillonellaceae were observed. There was a significantly high prevalence of genera Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, while a significantly lower abundance of Prevotella_9 and Dialister in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Furthermore, the species analysis also showed significantly raised level of Bacteroides vulgatus and Escherichia coli in the experimental group. These findings revealed a significant gut microbial dysbiosis in esophageal cancer patients. So, the current study can be used for the understanding of esophageal cancer treatment, disease pathway, mechanism, and probiotic development.
Mycotoxins are filamentous fungi which can be seen microscopically and they impart adverse effects on poultry health. The occurrence of mycotoxins in poultry feed imparts adverse effects not only to the birds’ health but also causes huge economic losses by affecting feed conversion ratio, production of meat and eggs,and also responsible for histopathological changes in lymphoid organs of chicken. More than 300 different species of mycotoxins have been reported from which the ochratoxin and aflatoxins are the most harmful for poultry industry. Among ochratoxins, especially the Ochratoxin A (OTA) is produced from Aspergillus Ochraceus and and Penicillium verrucosum species as storage fungi inside stored drains and feed ingredients. The ochratoxicity is a dose-dependent factor and hits the immune system of birds besides decreased feed intake and decreased body weight. Higher doses of OTA toxicity resulted in deterioration of egg shell quality and hatchability in layers and breeders. Histopathological profile of ochratoxicity affected birds showed severe to moderate changes in the kidney, bursa of Fabricius, liver, thymus, spleen, heart, and lungs depending on dosage. In this review article, an attempt has been made to concise the OTA associated alterations in growth pattern, production index, biochemical changes and histopathological profile of the poultry. The current approaches and agents (Vitamin-E, Silymarin), which are being used to reduce the effects of OTA toxicity in birds, have also been discussed.
Vegetable waste (spinach, potato, and cauliflower) is a rich and natural source of nutrients, potentially good for supplying minerals, essential amino acids, and antioxidants to the birds. Relatively, its cost very low, easily to accessible, easily process & pose little risk of illness. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of vegetable waste (VW) as feed supplement on growth performance and hematology of broiler chicks. For this purpose, a total of 200 (4 days old) vaccinated chicks were acquired from a commercial hatchery Multan which was acclimated for three weeks (21 days) on basal starter feed after that 25-day-old chicks with uniform body weight were allocated according to a CRD (completely randomized design) into four dietary treatments with three replicates of each contained 15 chicks in 12 pens. In dietary treatments, chicks were feed with basal feed (BF) and supplemented feed with vegetable waste (VW) of spinach, potato, and cauliflower. For this purpose, the dietary treatments included control treatment ( T 1 ) (100% BF+0% VW) and other dietary treatments ( T 2 ) (75% BF+25% VW), ( T 3 ) (50% BF+50% VW), and ( T 4 ) (25% BF+75% VW). The body weight, feed intake, food conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality were checked on weekly and daily basis. For hematology analysis, after the 1st experimental week (25-day-old chicks) and the last 5th experimental week (56-day-old chicks), the samples of blood were gathered from the wing’s veins of two birds from each treatment in random way. At the end of five weeks (35 days), birds with uniform average body weight were selected per treatment with three replicates (2 bird/replicate) and then were manually slaughtered according to the Halal method to analyze the weight of internal body organs of broilers by physical and statistical analysis (ANOVA). There was no significant effect ( P > 0.05 ) on feed intake and FCR among all the dietary treatments. But in average, body weight and BWG were higher in treatment ( T 2 ) ( P < 0.01 ) than all other dietary treatments ( T 3 ) and ( T 4 ) and control treatment ( T 1 ). The blood constituents in this study showed that broilers in control treatment ( T 1 ) and other dietary treatments ( T 2 ), ( T 3 ), and ( T 4 ) fed on different doses were significantly ( P < 0.01 ) different from each other. The week 5 ( W 5 ) shows higher values of blood constituents ( P < 0.01 ) than week 1 ( W 1 ). The carcass yield of the chicks fed on different doses showed that they were significantly different ( P < 0.01 ) among the dietary treatments. The VW inclusion 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% had positive effect on blood constituents and carcass yield of the broiler chicks; they were significantly ( P < 0.01 ) different among the treatments.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.