Four monthly supplementation with 100 000 IU oral vitamin D may prevent fractures without adverse effects in men and women living in the general community.

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Rates for juveniles before the courts have nearly doubled in a decade in England and Wales. Data from an epidemiological study of all the children in one community who make court appearances have been collected over nine years. Enumeration district delinquency rates for first court appearances by boys show wide and consistent differences over seven years. Similarly, such first appearance rates for schools show wide and consistent differences. No comparable data on the distribution of family disruption in the population of the study area are yet available, but an assessment of first offenders showed the majority of children to come from normal family circumstances, as defined. Turning to second and later court appearances-boys repeatedly before the courts present a serious and intractable problem-showed that enumeration district delinquency rates were not specially related to reappearance; that school rates for second and later court appearances were possibly related to reappearance; and that family factors were definitely related. The interrelationship of the three influences-neighbourhood, school, and family-on first and later court appearances has theoretical and practical implications that were discussed.