Highlights Burnout persists as concerning problem for more than half of nurses. Burnout contributes to nursing workforce turnover, however not internal transfers. Working day (vs. night) shift and increased death exposure increase burnout. Hospitals must measure burnout and wellbeing to understand and address its impact.

Studies of the effectiveness of medical and vocational rehabilitation and the disincentive effects of workers' compensation benefits frequently assume that a return to work signals the end of the limiting effects of injuries. This study is the first to test that assumption empirically. The authors use a rich data set on Ontario workers with permanent partial impairments resulting from injuries that occurred between 1974 and 1987 to show that the effects of injuries on employment are more enduring than previous studies indicate. The rate of successful returns to employment, measured by first return to work, is 85%, but the rate of success evaluated over a longer time period is only 50%.

a b s t r a c tA novel metal-composite joining technology is presented. Hybrid penetrative reinforcement (HYPER) uses small pins, protruding from the metallic part, to form an integrated assembly with high toughness. Different pin geometries and surface treatments are mechanically tested and compared. An ultrasonic, non-destructive inspection method is used to determine the failure modes. It is shown that the pins delay the initiation of failure, slow the propagation of damage and increase the ultimate strength by 6.5 times compared to an unpinned benchmark joint. The mean elongation at maximum load can be increased by over 400% and the energy absorbed can be more than 80 times higher, with reinforcement. Surface ''nano-structuring'' is also found to improve titanium-composite adhesion strength and consistency. Subsequently, a 25% higher load is required to initiate failure.

a b s t r a c tIf carbon fibre layers are prevented from slipping over one another as they consolidate onto a non-trivial geometry, they can be particularly susceptible to wrinkling/buckling instabilities. A one dimensional model for out-of-plane ply wrinkling during consolidation over an external radius is presented. Critical conditions for the appearance of wrinkles provide manufacturing strategies to eliminate such defects. Predicted wrinkle wavelengths and critical wrinkling conditions show good agreement with wrinkle defects observed in a spar demonstrator.