In the near future, much of the Earth's lightning activity will be continuously monitored from space by lightning imagers placed in geostationary orbit. These new satellite-based instruments open a new era of weather monitoring and research into the role of thunderstorm processes in the dynamics of the atmosphere and in climate change. The Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) on the first of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite GOES-R Series (GOES-16 at 75.2 W) is the first lightning detector in geostationary orbit (Goodman et al., 2013; Rudlosky et al., 2019a, 2019b). GLM is based on its predecessors, the Optical Transient Detector (OTD) and Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) Boccippio et al., 2002, Christian et al., 1989). In China, the Lightning Mapping Imager (LMI) on the Feng-Yun4 is detecting lightning in Asia (Yang et al., 2017) and in the near future, Europe and Africa will be continuously monitored by the Lightning Imager (LI) on the Meteosat Third Generation satellites (MTG) (Stuhlmann et al., 2005). All of these systems, new to the geostationary orbit, use optical imagers at the narrow spectral line at the 777.4 nm infrared emission of atomic oxygen that is associated with hot lightning channels (e.g., Soler et al., 2020). The Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) on the International Space Station (ISS) consists of a suite of optical instruments and X-ray and gamma-ray detectors for investigating lightning, Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) and Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) (e.g., Chanrion et al., 2019; Neubert et al., 2019). ASIM is equipped with three photometers at 180-230 nm, 337.0 and 777.4 nm spectral bands plus two one-megapixel cameras at 337.0 and 777.4 nm. The objective of the 337.0 nm (blue) and 777.4 nm
Full comprehension of abstract concepts present in engineering education has been usually considered challenging. Engaging multimedia resources have proven to be useful pedagogical aids to increase students' motivation. In fact, already existing dissemination videos might be suitable to fulfill this objective. This research aims to contribute assessing video implications in the enhancement of engineering education quality, through the evaluation of the current pedagogical use of a specific electrical engineering YouTube channel. To meet this objective, we characterize the use of such channel through a quantitative methodology based on a 5-point Likert scale survey (Cronbach's alpha=0.76). Sample data was collected from 912 respondents, who assessed the channel content and format adequacy, users' preferences, and their perceptions on video integration in educational contexts. Results show (3.98 over 5) that there is currently a far-reaching educational use of the channel, and a general perception that its contents and audiovisual format are adequate for such purpose. Most users agree (4.74 over 5) that this kind of pedagogical resource could enhance education quality. As limitations, an underrepresentation of teachers in the sample could be highlighted, though student community is well represented. Overall findings suggest that the format and cognitive load in scientific dissemination YouTube channels might be perceived as suitable for pedagogical use, as means to improve education experience. This complementary use unveils the need to implement technology integration models to facilitate their pedagogical insertion, which will be addressed as future works along with more evaluations of similar dissemination channels.
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Abstract-Allometric scaling relations are characteristic of all living organisms. Metabolic and heart rates, lifespan and many other physiological properties vary with body mass in systematic and interrelated ways, which usually take the form of a power law. Scaling laws have been recently observed also in the metabolic rate of a particular kind of living system: the city. Scaling exponents of urban indicators present a remarkable variability, mainly associated with fundamentally different underlying dynamics. In this paper allometric scaling is used to detect dissimilar behaviors in one particularly important urban indicator: electricity consumption. Different scaling relations between electricity consumption and economical and social sectors found in southern Spain region of Andalucía, indicate variability in these sectors' basal energy consumption processes. The usefulness of these findings for urban modeling is finally outlined and some practical implications are suggested.
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