This paper highlights the crucial enabling factors in menstrual hygiene management. The use of products depends on various factors such as access to water, privacy, social, cultural and econmic. Gender equality and women’s empowerment are integral parts of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Half of the world’s population are women, and women have specific needs to manage the menstrual cycle during their lifetime. To manage the bleeding during the menstrual cycle, girls and women use different products, depending on their accessibility and affordability. They are (a) disposable—one-time use products such as disposable pads, tampons, and (b) reusable products—reusable products such as cloth, washable and reusable cloth pads, menstrual cups, and period panties. The literature search revealed that there are limited studies related to the use of menstrual products and the impacts of these products on women’s health and the environment. A rapid review of the literature identified factors responsible for choosing a particular type of menstrual product, the perceptions of women using the products, and their implications on health and the environment. The study concluded with the need to study the type of menstrual products preferred by women using appropriate variables, address the issues of disposal systems, provide adolescent girls with adequate infrastructure, provide access to affordable sanitary products and gender equity to manage their periods with dignity, and increasing awareness regarding sustainable/ reusable menstrual products, suggesting further investigation in menstrual hygiene management.
An Environmental Management System certified to ISO 14001 simultaneously helps an organisation demonstrate commitment to improving environmental performance and contributes to better financial performance. This research compares the financial performance (return on sales) of organisations certified to ISO 14001 with organisations that were not certified over two timeperiods: five years -one year immediately preceding certification, through the year of certification and three years following certification; and three years -one year immediately preceding certification to the year immediately following certification. Analysis of randomly selected paired organisations revealed a statistically significant relationship between financial performance and the certification event. The cumulative increase in Return on Sales for five years was approximately four percentage-points. A model of cumulative Return on Investment suggested an incremental profit of approximately four million pounds over five years for a company with a turnover of approximately one hundred and twenty million pounds.
The developing countries have experienced a large number of disaster events with extensive loss of life and goods. Effective mitigation and preparedness can greatly reduce the threat posed by hazards of all type. The potential of networked models to enhance the impact and efficiency of investments in disaster resilience (DR) research capacity-building in Asia; the importance of ensuring stronger local ownership of initiatives; and, the importance of building sustainable research institutions have been identified by global funders and policymakers as the priority towards strengthening the capacity of developing countries to do and use research, which is widely viewed as vital for meeting long-term innovation in creating DR societies. To fill the gap in the literature with regards to research and innovation capacity development of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the disaster resilience related areas, this study formulated a capacity development framework (CDF) to help the HEIs play their roles as incubators of knowledge and ideas, and as the centre for innovation and generation of ideas. The key performance indicators and measures to assess research and innovation capacity were identified through qualitative systematic literature review and a three-round focus group discussions. Additional data was collected from 213 semi-structured interviews and 530 online survey questionnaires. The proposed capacity development framework consists of six lenses -policy, skills and training, staff, funding, infrastructure, and cross-cutting. Each lens highlights key category for current and future environment to strengthen research and innovation (R&I) capacity for the development of societal resilience to disasters in HEIs.
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