Lambs were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each. For 35 days lambs were fed a diet including 2% rapeseed oil, 1% fi sh oil and 0.1% carnosic acid (the control group) or two experimental diets supplemented with 0.35 mg • kg -1 Se as selenized-yeast (SeY) (the SeY diet) or selenate (the selenate diet). Muscles (Musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) and Musculus biceps femoris (MBF)), ruminal fl uids and microbiota were collected from each lamb. SeY supplementation most effectively stimulated the accumulation of straightchain volatile fatty acids (VFAs), iso-branched-chain VFAs, CO 2 and CH 4 in the ruminal fl uid. The contents of CO 2 , CH 4 and VFAs including straight-chain VFAs with the exception of iso-branched-chain VFAs were most effectively reduced by the selenite diet. The control diet most effi ciently increased the concentration sums of odd-saturated fatty acids (odd-SFAs) and iso-SFAs in microbiota. The SeY diet most effi ciently reduced acetic acid to propionic acid ratio in the ruminal fl uid. The selenate diet improved animal performance by reducing ruminal concentrations of CH 4 and CO 2 . The SeY diet and especially the selenate diet reduced the biohydrogenation to C18:0 when compared with the control diet. The selenate diet more effi ciently reduced the concentration sums of all SFAs (SFAs) and all fatty acids (FAs) in MLD and MBF than the SeY diet, which most effectively increased the concentrations of SFAs and FAs in MLD and MBF. The selenate diet most effectively increased the body mass gain of lambs.Key words: carnosic acid, fatty acids, methane, ovine rumen, seleno-compounds, volatile fatty acids INTRODUCTIONThe most common supplemental chemical forms of selenium (Se) for ruminants are selenite, selenate or selenized yeast (SeY) [1,2]. The chemical form of Se affects Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/11/18 9:28 AM Acta Veterinaria-Beograd 2016, 66 (3), 373-391 374 biosynthesis yield of Se-complexes and Se-proteins in ruminal microorganisms [3]. Se-methionine (Se-Met) is more effi ciently accumulated in the animal body than inorganic forms of Se. Organic chemical forms of Se undergo less alteration in the rumen leading to less of insoluble chemical forms of Se [1]. Ruminal micro-organisms are capable to metabolize organic and inorganic forms of Se into Se-amino acids (Se-AA). The poor bioaccumulation of inorganic Se has been linked to the ruminal environment whereby selenate or selenite is reduced by microorganisms to insoluble and unavailable elemental Se, which is excreted in the feces [1,3]; selenate has higher relative bioavailability value than selenite. Ruminal microorganisms can reduce excessive doses of organic or inorganic forms of Se to selenides or unabsorbable Se o . Interestingly, Serra et al. [4] showed that dietary Se-compounds change the ruminal production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). In fact, numerous studies showed that Secompounds affect ruminal microorganism yield and activity of microbiota [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Thus, Se-compounds affect VFAs production and rumen micro...
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of rapeseed and linseed oil supplementations on performance and meat quality of lambs. Methods The experiment was conducted on 18 growing (100-day-old) lambs of 19.7±1.9 kg live weight, assigned to 3 groups of 6 animals each. Control lambs were fed meadow hay and concentrate alone. Experimental animals additionally received rapeseed or linseed oils at a dose of 50 g/d. The lambs were slaughtered at an average body weight of 35.7±0.5 kg. Results The dressing percentage was higher in lambs fed rapeseed oil. Total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C21:0, C24:0 were lower in longissimus dorsi muscle (MLD) in lambs fed linseed oil. Supplementation of diet with linseed oil decreased concentrations of total monounsaturated fatty acids and C16:1, C17:1, C18:1 cis-9 in MLD. The concentrations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and C18:3 n-3 , C20:5 n-3 in MLD were higher in lambs fed linseed oil than in other groups. Oils supplementation to diets resulted in increased concentration of C22:6 n-3 in MLD. The inclusion of linseed oil into the diet increased the contents of total PUFA, n-3 PUFA and C18:3 n-3 , C20:5 n-3 , C22:6 n-3 in semitendinosus muscle in comparison to control. A tendency towards a lower n:6/n:3 ratio in MLD was observed when lambs were supplemented linseed oil. Conclusion The supplementation of linseed oil to diets seems to reduce the concentration of SFA and increase the concentration of n-3 PUFA. The n-6 / n-3 ratio is an important nutritional factor, and its value has been favorably decreased below 2, thereby achieving an important target related to human health. Due to these changes carcass fatty acid profile was improved, and so enhanced lamb meat healthy properties.
During studies on fructan degradation in the rumen, a Treponema-like bacterium able to utilize Timothy grass fructan, commercial inulin and sucrose as the sole carbon source was recovered from sheep rumen. At least two different fructanolytic enzymes were identified in cell-free extracts of the isolated bacterium. Characterization of the strain by a polyphasic approach indicated that it can be regarded as a representative of a new bacterial species within the genus Treponema. Electron microscopy showed that the bacterium exhibited all of the features typical of spirochetes. The helical cells measured 5.4-11.5 microm x 0.42-0.51 microm and possessed up to seven regular coils. The bacterium utilized various plant mono- and disaccharides as fermentable substrates. Formate, acetate and ethanol in a molar ratio of 16 : 10 : 1 were the end products of glucose fermentation. The major cellular fatty acids were C(13:0), C(14:0), C(14:1), C(15:0), C(15:1) and C(16:0). The nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence was obtained, and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed the highest similarity to rumen Treponema strain CA. We propose the name Treponema zioleckii sp. nov. for this novel rumen spirochete with strain kT as the type strain.
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