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PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil on the correction of abdominal defect treated with the use of polypropylene/ polyglecaprone mesh in rats. METHODS:A defect in the abdominal wall was created and corrected with polypropylene/polyglecaprone mesh in 36 rats. They were randomly distributed into three groups: control, copaiba by oral administration (gavage) and copaiba oil dip in the mesh. Euthanasia was performed after seven, 14 and 21 post-operative days. The healing process was analyzed regarding the meshes and macroscopic and microscopic aspects. RESULTS:All animals had abdominal adhesions, which were smaller in the copaiba (gavage) group (p<0.05). In microscopy, all animals had an acute inflammation stage and the inflammatory response was best characterized by foreign body-type granulomas around the mesh fragments, which was not found in the mesh fragments within the copaiba dip group. There was a greater area of necrosis and fibrosis in the copaiba dip group compared to the control group (p<0.05). The copaiba (gavage) group had a greater quantity of collagen fibers compared to the control group. CONCLUSION:Copaiba oil administered by gavage decreased the amount of abdominal adhesions, besides accelerating the process of collagen fibers formation, without damages within the early stages of healing. However, when used by dip directly on the mesh, it had corrosive effects compromising the healing process of the abdominal wall.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of the understanding of brain death in relation to organ donation in patients from the Marco School Health Center, which is linked to the Universidade do Estado do Pará.Methods: A total of 136 patients were interviewed based on a research protocol. The interview results were subsequently analyzed with regard to the understanding of brain death and organ donation in addition to the collection of sociodemographic data.Results: The majority of patients were female and were in favor of organ donation, with a mean age of 39 years being observed. Only 19.9% of the patients understood the meaning of brain death, and 85.3% believed that physicians may be mistaken in confirming the status of brain death of a patient, while 18.4% trusted the diagnosis of brain death. A statistically significant (p < 0.01) correlation was observed between the degree of confidence in the diagnosis of brain death and the person's agreement to donate his/her organs after death.Conclusion: The majority of the population under study did not understand the meaning of brain death and had a low degree of confidence in the diagnosis of brain death. This lack of understanding and confidence negatively influences the desire to donate organs.

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Vascular anastomoses are common procedures and are performed by most surgeons. Training is primarily conducted in human beings, which violates current ethical principles. This is because current training models are expensive and in short supply. This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of three vegetable models of vascular anastomosis. Five units each of scallions, green beans, and yardlong beans were used. An end-to-end anastomosis was attempted with each specimen. Anastomoses were only successful in green beans and yardlong beans. Since they are narrower, the yardlong beans are the most similar to human vessels.Keywords: surgery; medical education; training; training by simulation. ResumoAnastomoses vasculares são procedimentos comuns realizados por grande parte dos cirurgiões e cujo treinamento ocorre principalmente em seres humanos, contrariando os princípios éticos vigentes. Esse fato se deve, sobretudo, à carência e ao alto custo relacionados aos atuais modelos de treinamento. Assim, este estudo visa avaliar a viabilidade de três vegetais para a realização de anastomoses vasculares. Foram utilizadas cinco unidades de cebolinha, vagem e feijão-verde. Em cada uma tentou-se realizar uma anastomose término-terminal. Conseguiu-se a realização da anastomose apenas na vagem e no

Background and objective Identifying factors that influence the course of low back pain (LBP) is important to help clinicians to identify those patients at higher risk of non‐recovery. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the prognostic role of physical activity in the course of LBP. Databases and data treatment Literature searches were conducted in five electronic databases from their inception to February 2018. Prospective cohort studies investigating the influence of any type of physical activity in people with LBP were considered eligible. The primary outcomes were pain intensity and disability. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. Results were stratified according to participants’ symptoms duration at baseline. Results Twelve studies were considered eligible for this review. Of these, six included patients with chronic LBP, four studies did not specify the patients’ duration of symptoms, one study included patients with acute LBP, and one study included patients with subacute LBP. Included studies were heterogeneous in terms of physical activity assessment, outcomes, follow‐up duration, and statistical methods, therefore, pooling of results was not performed. We found limited evidence to support the prognostic role of physical activity in the course of LBP. Conclusions Our review identified limited evidence supporting physical activity as a prognostic factor in LBP. Future cohort studies are needed to clarify the strength and importance of this association. Significance Despite recent research in the area, this systematic review shows that there is low quality evidence that physical activity may not be a prognostic factor for predicting pain and disability in patients with LBP.

Dentre os conceitos relacionados à terminalidade da vida, encontram-se a distanásia e a ortotanásia. Distanásia significa a obstinação terapêutica para adiar a morte iminente. Ortotanásia significa morte em seu processo natural, não prolongando o tratamento. Este estudo objetivou analisar a percepção de familiares de pacientes internados acerca da ortotanásia e distanásia, avaliando a alternativa mais aceita. Trata-se de estudo transversal e observacional, no qual foram entrevistados 190 familiares por meio de questionário padronizado contendo perguntas sobre aspectos sociais e conhecimento da temática. A maioria (64,2%) manifestou preferência pela distanásia como conduta para seu familiar. Entre 122 participantes que desconheciam o significado de "estado terminal", 85,2% optariam pela distanásia. Porém, entre os que conheciam o significado, 70,9% optariam pela ortotanásia. O estudo indica a necessidade de trazer o tema para discussão da sociedade, sensibilizando-a a entender implicações individuais e coletivas do prolongamento da vida em situação de sofrimento.

The very high rates of poorly completed medical certificates of death highlights a significant failure in the medical schools' curriculum, as well as a lack of continuing medical education programs addressing such topic of paramount importance. The results demonstrated neglect or lack of knowledge on the pathophysiology of diseases by physicians.