This paper looks at three case studies within the teaching and learning of chemistry. Each case considers the effectiveness of group learning activities in terms of the ways in which they enhance cooperative learning. Group tasks are generally undertaken in order to encourage learners to develop their understanding of particular issues, although one key disadvantage is that much of the process of the group work is lost as soon as the group disbands. The cases explored here aim to: (i) investigate the development of cooperative attitudes among students, looking for significant learning of scientific concepts, (ii) encourage the development of ethical attitudes, to motivate, and then (iii) empower the participants so that they can build upon the communal knowledge that is generated. In this way learners enhance their levels of partnership and cooperation with other members leading to a fuller and broader understanding of the collaboration required within the values of citizenship education. Using science to educate for citizenship is a growing concern across many countries of the world, in this case illustrated by work in Brazil and the UK.
Resumo: Os métodos de aprendizagem cooperativa são importantes não só na facilitação do processo ensino-aprendizagem, mas também na formação profissional, preparando cidadãos mais aptos para os trabalhos em equipe e mais comprometidos com os valores sociais e os princípios da solidariedade. Este estudo propõe-se a investigar a influência dos métodos cooperativos no desenvolvimento de atitudes cooperativas entre estudantes do ensino fundamental e superior, com vistas tanto a aprendizagens significativas de química quanto ao desenvolvimento de atitudes éticas relacionadas a essa ciência. Após analisar duas perspectivas teóricas que subsidiam os métodos cooperativos -desenvolvimentista e motivacional -, reforçamos a importância da existência dessa diversidade de perspectivas para permitir um amplo leque de alternativas aos professores. Recomendamos também a utilização combinada de métodos, de forma a contemplar tanto o desenvolvimento cognitivo quanto a formação ética do cidadão.Unitermos: aprendizagem cooperativa, ensino de Química.Abstract: Cooperative learning methods are important both to facilitate the teaching-learning process and to prepare people for working in teams who are committed to social values and the principles of solidarity. This study aimed to investigate to what extent cooperative methods influenced the development of cooperative attitudes among pupils at school and undergraduate students, with respect to both the learning of chemistry scientific subject matter and the development of ethical attitudes related to this science. After analysing two theoretical perspectives -developmental and motivational -we point out the importance of the existence of diversity in methods in providing teachers with a broad range of alternatives. We also recommend the combined utilisation of methods in such a way as to promote both the cognitive development and the ethical education of citizens.
Este artículo presenta los resultados de la construcción de un ambiente virtual de estudio, así como su empleo en un grupo de alumnos del sexto curso de Educación Primaria. El objetivo principal fue verifi car la utilización de este ambiente mediando el aprendizaje de conceptos sobre la clonación vegetal. También se investigó el empleo de un mural virtual realizado entre alumnos y especialistas y la navegación en los distintos ambientes de la home page .
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