Rutin is a flavonoid compound obtained from different vegetables and fruits; specifically, it is found in the seeds of buckwheat and in fruit peels, particularly citrus. It is also an important constituent of red wine. Rutin exhibits various biological properties including antiviral, vasoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic activities. However, its antioxidant activity is the most well studied. Despite the potential for in vitro applications, rutin presents low oral bioavailability that affects its biological activities. Nanoparticles composed of polymers, protein, or lipids are of great importance in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical areas due to their physicochemical properties, which improve the pharmacokinetics of the drug which is loaded within. This study presents the production of bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles containing rutin by nano spray drying. Nanoparticles were characterized in terms of mean particle size, size distribution, morphology, zeta potential, and drug content; as well as their antioxidant activity. The optimized spray-drying conditions produced spherical particles with a mean size of 316 nm, zeta potential of −32 mV, and encapsulation efficiency around 32%. Moreover, when antioxidant activity toward the ABTS + radical was assayed, nanoencapsulation increased the IC 50 of rutin by 2-fold. The nano spray-drying process proved to be suitable for the production of rutin-loaded BSA nanoparticles with potential antioxidant activity.
RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática para avaliar a eficácia e a segurança de terapias livres de interferon para hepatite C em pacientes coinfectados com o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana. Ao todo, 10 ensaios clínicos foram incluídos em um total de 1.626 pacientes coinfectados com o Vírus da Hepatite C/Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana, em sua maioria, portadores do genótipo 1, e tratados principalmente por 12 ou 24 semanas. Os pacientes apresentaram taxas de aproximadamente 91% para desfechos de eficácia, enquanto descontinuações por eventos adversos foram inferiores a 3%. Desta forma, as terapias livres de interferon aparecem como uma boa opção para tratamento da hepatite C crônica no grupo de pacientes coinfectados com o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana.
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